A Preliminary Study on Early Xia Culture and the Early State
The Xia culture,to which the archaeological cultures correspond,has experienced from the late Miaodigou phase Ⅱ culture(pre-Xia),the Wangwan phase Ⅲ culture(pre-Xia and early-Xia),the Xinzhai period(Houyi replaced the Xia),and the Erlitou culture(Middle and Late Xia).The process of civilization accelerated in the Longshan period of the Central Plains,and various cultures raced to it,making central plain the center area.After the development of pluralism to integration,assimilation and continuity,finally the Xia dynasty was born in Songshan area of the hinterland of central plains.At that time,the existence of administrative organizations and management institutions embodied in Dayu flood control,the emergence of Yu's delineation of nine states'rule over fixed areas and the tribute system,Xia Jie imprisoned Shang Tang in Xia Tai,which is the appeared of prisons,the military conquest leading to frequent wars,the social stratification and differentiation seen in archeological materials,and the gradual replacement of blood relations by regional relations,meant the emergence of a wide-area kingship state in Erlitou,the palace,temple and other high-grade buildings that reflect the royal power originated in the middle and late period of Longshan culture and matured in the period of Erlitou culture,the above performances correspond to some characteristics of the early state in general,and reflect the appearance of the primary form of the state of Xia dynasty.The late phase of Wangwan phase Ⅲ culture and the Xinzhai period,together with the early Xia culture,represented by Wangchenggang,Wadian,Guchengzhai,Xinzhai,Huadizui and Dongzhao sites,have entered the early state.
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