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论文化起于何时

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以往学界只有关于文化起源的论述而缺乏关于文化起点即文化起于何时的研究.既有的十类文化定义中,蕴含了三种潜在的文化起点观,即文化与人同时诞生,文化与生物同时诞生和文化在人之后诞生.前两种观点明显不对,后一种观点基本可以得到肯定,只是也没给出文化起于何时的具体时间.由于文化是人类创造力的果实,因而人类第一个创造物出现的时间就是文化的起点.人类创造物的种类甚多,出现的时间有先有后,不过最终可将所有的文化之物归为器物文化、符号文化和组织文化三大类.通过分别考察可知,最早出现的器物文化之物是300万年前直立人用工具制作的木棍、石斧,最早出现的符号文化之物是30万年前早期智人发明的声音语言,最早出现的组织文化之物是10万—7万年前晚期智人用制度创建的氏族社会.由此可知,器物文化在300万年前的起点,也就是人类文化的起点.
On the Starting Point of Culture
In the academic circles,there has been no research on the starting point of culture,only discussions on the origin of culture.However,from the existing ten types of cultural definitions,three potential views on the starting point of culture can be derived,namely,culture is born at the same time as human beings,culture is born at the same time as organisms,and culture is born after human beings.The first two views are obviously wrong,and the last view can basically be affirmed,but it also fails to give the specific time when culture began.As culture is the fruit of human creativity,the time when the first creation of human beings emerged is the starting point of culture.There are many kinds of human creations,and they emerged in different times.However,all cultural objects can be classified into three major categories:material culture,symbolic culture and organizational culture.Through separate investigations,it can be found that the first appearance of material cultural objects was wooden sticks and stone axes made by standing humans with tools 3 million years ago.The first appearance of symbolic cultural objects was sound language invented by early sapiens 300,000 years ago.The first appearance of organizational cultural objects was the tribal society created by Late Sapiens using institutions 100-70 thousand years ago.Therefore,it can be concluded that the starting point of material culture 3 million years ago is also the starting point of human culture.

cultural origincultural starting pointmaterial culturesymbolic cultureorganizational culture

韩东屏

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华中科技大学哲学学院(湖北武汉430074)

文化起源 文化起点 器物文化 符号文化 组织文化

国家社会科学基金后期资助项目教育部人文社会科学研究项目湖北省教育厅人文社会科学研究项目

20FZXB03520YJAZH07620G037

2024

中原文化研究

中原文化研究

CHSSCD
影响因子:0.273
ISSN:
年,卷(期):2024.12(2)
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