Effects of Different Fertilization Amounts and Probiotics on Growth of Rheum Palmatum and Microbiological Compositions in Soil
Objective:To analyze the effects of chemical fertilizers and probiotics on the primary and secondary metabolism of Rheum palmatum,the content of medicinal components,and the microbiological composition in soil,so as to provide a reference for rational fertilization.Methods:The seedlings of R.palmatum were treated with two fertilization amounts(appropriate fertilization and excessive fertilization)and three probiotics(Bacillus subtilis,Trichoderma harzianum,and B.amyloliquefaciens).The effects of different treatments on the primary and secondary metabolism of R.palmatum rhizome were analyzed by non-targeted metabonomics.The difference in anthraquinone content in the rhizome of R.palmatum with different treatments was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The microbiological composition in soil and diversity in the rhizosphere of R.palmatum with different treatments were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing and internal transcribed spacer sequencing.Results:Appropriate fertilization and excessive fertilization could significantly improve the quality of leaves and rhizomes of R.palmatum.Applying probiotics on the basis of appropriate fertilization showed that T.harzianum and B.amyloliquefaciens could promote the rhizome growth of R.palmatum better than B.subtilis.In terms of substance metabolism,appropriate fertilization and excessive fertilization increased the level of amino acids in the rhizome of R.palmatum,but excessive fertilization decreased the level of sugars and lipids in the rhizome of R.palmatum.Compared with appropriate fertilization,T.harzianum could significantly increase the levels of sugars,amino acids,and lipids in the rhizome of R.palmatum,while B.amyloliquefaciens could reduce the levels of sugars and amino acids.In terms of medicinal components,the content of anthraquinones treated by excessive fertilization and B.amyloliquefaciens was obviously low,while the content of anthraquinones treated by appropriate fertilization,B.subtilis,and T.harzianum was high.Fertilization had little influence on the composition of the bacterial community,but it had a great influence on the composition of the fungal community.Fertilization could increase the abundance of various potential pathogens(such as Cladosporium cuneatum)in soil fungi and reduce the overall abundance and diversity of fungi.Probiotic treatment(such as B.subtilis)could alleviate the impact of fertilization.Conclusion:According to the growth and the content of medicinal components of R.palmatum,T.harzianum can promote the rhizome growth of R.palmatum in a variety of fertilization combinations and make it have good nutritional status and high content of medicinal components.B.subtilis has a good effect on maintaining or improving the diversity of the microbial community in the soil where R.palmatum is planted.
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