Research Progress on Pharmacological Effects and Mechanisms of Formononetin
Formononetin is a natural isoflavone compound,widely found in Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.,Pueraria lobata(Willd.)Ohwi,Spatholobus suberectus Dunn,Trifolium pratense L.,and other Chinese herbal medicine.It is a typical phytoestrogen and can bidirectionally regulate estrogen activity.Modern pharmacological studies have shown that formononetin exerts many potential pharmacological effects through estrogen-dependent or independent mechanisms,including estrogen-like effects,anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidation,and anti-proliferation effects.This active component also shows the preventive and therapeutic potential in various chronic diseases,such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,metabolic diseases,osteoporosis,malignant tumors,and hepatic and renal function impairment,mainly involving the regulation of signaling pathways such as silent information regulator of transcription 1(SIRT1),peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α(PPARα),PPARγ,nuclear transcription factor κB(NF-κB),nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1(Nrf2/HO-1),endothelial nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide(eNOS/NO),B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein(Bax),and B-cell lymphoma-2(BCL-2).This review summarized the various biological roles and the signaling pathways involved in formononetin,so as to provide a basis for its basic research and clinical application.
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