Changing Patterns of Quality Markers Related to "Attenuated Toxicity" of Iridis Tectori Rhizoma and Its Processed Products
Objective:To investigate the toxicity changes in Iridis Tectori Rhizoma(ITR)before and after processing and explain the internal causes of its detoxification effects through changes in its chemical composition,thereby providing a scientific basis for the safe use of ITR.Methods:ITR was processed using different methods,including the rice rinsing water method and the rice rinsing water with violet bamboo leaf method,as outlined in the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China.The toxicity was measured using the A549 in vitro cell model.HPLC fingerprint was established,combined with LC-MS for qualitative identification.Multivariate statistical methods,including hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA),principal component analysis(PCA),and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA),were used to explore the differences between ITR and its processed products.The changes in the content of quality markers were further analyzed.Results:Cytotoxicity screening showed that the toxicity of ITR to the A549 non-small cell lung cancer cell line was reduced after processing.Further multivariate statistical analysis revealed differences between ITR and its various processed products.PCA and HCA divided them into three categories,and OPLS-DA identified four differential marker components:tectorigenin,tectoridin,iridin,and irisflorentin.The content of quality markers changed significantly before and after processing.Conclusion:Cytotoxicity screening found that the toxicity of ITR to A549 cells decreased after processing.The flavonoid glycoside content decreased,while the flavonoid aglycone content increased.This may be due to the hydrolysis of flavonoid glycosides such as tectoridin and iridin during processing,with some being converted into tectorigenin,irigenin,and irisflorentin.
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