Severe clinical outcomes and pathogenic mechanisms of respiratory virus co-in-fections
Respiratory viruses,characterized by similar tissue tropisms,transmission routes,and susceptible populations,often lead to co-infections during concurrent outbreaks.Co-infections between specific respiratory viruses can result in more severe disease outcomes,increasing the complexity of clinical management.Currently,the pathogenic mechanisms under respiratory virus co-infections are not fully understood,and there is a lack of effective prevention and treatment strategies for respiratory virus co-infections.Within host cells,interactions be-tween different viruses can either be positive to accelerate replication of both viruses or be negative to hinder viral replication.Besides,the same signaling pathways and host factors may be involved in the infection cycles of mul-tiple viruses.This article reviews the clinical research progress and the significance of respiratory virus co-infec-tions,summarizes and discusses the molecular interactions between respiratory viruses,and proposes potential applications for broad-spectrum vaccines and broad-spectrum antivirals in the prevention and treatment of co-in-fections,providing valuable scientific insights for respiratory virus co-infections.