Research progress on prostate cancer stem cells in tumor treatment resistance and metastasis
Prostate cancer(PCa),when diagnosed clinically,is mostly at the advanced stage with metastases.Androgen deprivation therapy has been used for a long-time as an effective means of treating metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer,but its efficacy is short-lived.Most patients eventually develop into castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC)with distant metastasis.Currently,the formation and metastatic mechanisms of CRPC have not been fully elucidated.Prostate cancer stem cells(PCSCs)are an important component of the heteroge-neous cell subpopulations in prostate tumors.Although the origin cells of PCSCs are controversial,they can be partially identified by certain marker molecules.The invasion and metastasis of PCa are closely related to the presence of PCSCs,and CRPC induced by PCSCs has gradually attracted attention from physicians and scholars.This paper reviews the characteristics and origins of PCSCs,related marker molecules,and signaling pathways,focuses on research progress of PCSCs in the acquisition of resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in pros-tate tumors treatment and the malignant progression to provide new ideas and strategies for the treatment of CRPC.
prostate cancercastration-resistant prostate cancerprostate cancer stem cells
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