Research progress on the conditions and mechanisms of differentiation of THP-1 monocytes into macrophages induced by phorbol ester
The THP-1 cell line,derived from human leukemic monocytes,is frequently utilized in research to investigate the biological functions and mechanisms of monocytes/macrophages,as well as models of macrophage participation in inflammatory diseases.However,the diversity of experimental techniques for inducing differentia-tion of THP-1 monocytes into macrophages can lead to variability in study outcomes across different laboratories,such as PMA concentration,length of withdrawal period,duration of PMA stimulation,baseline state of cells,cell density,and ambient oxygen tension.Optimizing the PMA-induced THP-1 differentiation scheme can not on-ly facilitate experimental studies,but also reduce the differences in results between laboratories.This review aims to consolidate and analyze the factors influencing differentiation,optimal protocols,and underlying mecha-nisms of PMA-induced differentiation of THP-1 monocytes,so as to provide reference for the research of mono-cyte differentiation into macrophages.
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