Research progress on the function and nuclear transport mechanism of β-catenin
β-catenin is a multifunctional and evolutionarily conserved protein that plays a crucial role in devel-opment and maintaining homeostasis.It participates in intracellular signal transduction through the Wnt signaling pathway and interacts with E-cadherin at the cell membrane to maintain cell adhesion.Upontranslocation into the nucleus,β-catenin activates downstream transcription factors,promoting the initiation and progression of various tumors.Although most cellular proteins are transported into the nucleus via classical transport pathways,the u-nique structure of β-catenin prevents its transport through these conventional mechanisms.The molecular mecha-nisms underlying β-catenin's nuclear translocation remain incompletely understood.Further research into this process holds significant clinical potential for identifying novel tumor biomarkers and therapeutic targets.This re-view summarizes the structure of β-catenin and its functions in the cell membrane,cytoplasm,and nucleus,with a particular focus on the latest advances in understanding its nuclear transport mechanisms,providing new per-spectives for further research into this crucial molecular process.
β-cateninnuclear transport molecular mechanismcancerwnt signaling pathway
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