摘要
传统观点对"郑声"的看法有两种:一是"郑声"乃"郑风""郑诗",二是"郑声"为"郑乐",与诗歌无关;当今学者认为"郑声"乃为"新声",是产生于《诗经》之后的一种音乐.他们的共同之处在于都认为"郑声""淫",即淫邪、淫靡.从文化人类学的视角考察,"郑声"应是诗乐一体的,融合了当时盛行的男女春会的礼俗,表现了青年男女在水边、田间地头对歌表达爱慕之情,目的在于顺应自然,促使植物繁育生长;"郑声"相较于其他地方民歌更加奔放不羁,突破了雅乐之正统、中和的常规,因此才被称为"淫".此种解释符合孔子的"思无邪"说.当今少数民族地区依然存在的对歌习俗,也旁证了周代春会仪式的历史传承与延续,只是促使植物繁育丰产的意义已不明显.
Abstract
There are two traditional views on Zheng Sheng(Tune of Zheng):one is that Zheng Sheng(Tune of Zheng)is Zheng Feng(Folk Song of Zheng)or Zheng Shi(Poetry of Zheng),the other is that Zheng Sheng(Tune of Zheng)is Zheng Yue(Music of Zheng),which has nothing to do with poetry.Nowadays scholars be-lieve that Zheng Sheng(Tune of Zheng)is New Sheng(New Tune),which is a kind of music produced af-ter the Book of Songs.What they all have in common is that they all think of Zheng Sheng(Tune of Zheng)as"Wanton".This paper holds that Zheng Sheng should be a combination of poetry and music,and inte-grate the etiquette and custom of the Meeting at Spring Festival of popular with Men and Women at that time.It expresses the love of young men and women for each other by singing in the fields near the water.The purpose is to promote plant breeding and growth.Zheng Sheng(Tune of Zheng)is more unrestrained than other folk songs,breaking through the orthodox and neutral conventions of elegance music,so it is called Wanton.This interpretation also conforms to Confucius'theory of innocence in the Book of Songs.
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