社会分工、专业化生产与价值规律——马克思主义劳动价值论的微观基础
Social Division of Labor,Specialized Production and the Law of Value:The Micro Foundation of Marxist Labor Theory of Value
王艺明1
作者信息
摘要
本文从马克思的劳动二重性理论出发,在一个存在社会分工和专业化生产的经济中,证明了资本家选择专业化生产的结果会使不同商品的交换价值之比恰好等于它们的价值之比.资本家根据社会需要来决定自己的生产目标,和追求商品交换价值的最大化是一致的,交换价值成为资本在行业之间流动的推动力.只有社会分工结构中各行业的劳动者数量保持一定比例才能实现供求平衡,此时商品的两种社会必要劳动时间是一致的,它们共同决定商品的价值.资本家选择专业化生产的过程,就是价值规律协调社会生产分工、调节生产和流通,从而调节劳动力和生产资料等在经济部门之间分配的过程.本文的主要理论贡献是从社会分工和专业化生产的微观视角论证了劳动价值论的成立,并阐明了价值规律发挥作用的机制.
Abstract
Starting from Marx's theory of duality of labor,this paper demonstrates that in an economy with social division of labor and specialized production,the decision of capitalists to choose specialized production results in the ratio of the exchange values of different commodities being exactly equal to the ratio of their values.Capitalists determine their production targets according to social needs,which is consistent with the pursuit of maximizing the exchange value of commodities.The exchange value becomes the driving force for capital to flow among industries.A balance of supply and demand can only be achieved when the number of workers in each industry within the social division of labor structure maintains a certain proportion.At this point,the two types of socially necessary labor time in commodities are consistent,jointly determining the value of commodities.The process of capitalists choosing specialized production is the process by which the law of value coordinates social production division,regulates production and circulation,and thereby regulates the allocation of labor and production materials among economic sectors.The main theoretical contribution of this paper is to argue for the validity of the labor theoryof value from the micro perspective of social division of labor and specialized production,and to clarify the mechanism of the operation of the law of value.
关键词
社会分工/专业化经济/价值规律/劳动价值论/马克思主义Key words
social division of labor/specialized economy/law of value/labor theory of value/Marxism引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
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