矿业开发不可避免的会给人类居住环境和周边生态系统带来巨大的影响.以豫西某尾矿废弃地为研究对象,通过养分和污染物特征识别,对尾矿废弃地进行综合评价,并开展系统的生态修复技术研究.研究结果表明,尾矿废弃地理化性质差、养分贫瘠、重金属含量较高.尾砂内梅罗综合污染指数为7.73,属于重度污染水平.Hakanson潜在生态危害指数RI平均值为299.79,Cd、Pb具有很强的环境风险.根据生态修复后土壤理化性质及植物生物量分析,黑麦草对Cd、Hg富集作用最强、对Cu、Pb具有良好的耐性,提出了可优化的基质改良方案为3 g石膏+6 g腐植酸肥料+3 g保水剂、2 g过磷酸钙+1 g NTA,为今后尾矿废弃地生态修复提供借鉴,支撑矿业可持续发展.
Characteristics of pollutants in tailings wasteland and matrix improvement technology
Mining development will inevitably bring huge impact on human living environment and surrounding ecosystem.Taking a tail-ings wasteland in western Henan Province as the research object,the comprehensive evaluation of the tailings wasteland was carried out by identifying the characteristics of nutrients and pollutants,and the systematic ecological restoration technology research was carried out.The research shows that the physical and chemical properties of tailings wasteland are poor,the nutrients are poor,the heavy metal content is high,and the comprehensive pollution index of tailings Nemero is 7.73,which belongs to the severe pollution level.The aver-age value of the potential ecological hazard index RI of Hakanson is 299.79,and Cd and Pb have strong environmental risks.According to the analysis of soil physical and chemical properties and plant biomass after ecological restoration,ryegrass has the strongest enrich-ment effect on Cd and Hg,and has good tolerance to Cu and Pb.The optimized matrix improvement scheme is proposed as 3 g gypsum+6 g humic acid fertilizer+3 g water retaining agent 2 g superphosphate+1 g NTA,which can provide reference for the ecological restoration of tailings wasteland in the future and support sustainable development of the mining industry.
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