Preparation and property study of cellulose/nanocellulose and its hydrogel from Gracilaria lemaneiformis residue
Gracilaria lemaneiformis residue was used as a raw material to prepare Gracilaria lemaneiformis cellulose (GLC) and nanocellulose (NGLC),which were then used to develop cellulose (GLC-H) and nanocellulose hydrogels (NGLC-H) by dissolving them in ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole acetate. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,and differential scanning calorimetry were employed to characterize and analyze the structure,morphology,thermal stability,and rheological properties. Additionally,the swelling properties,drug release performance,and antibacterial properties of GLC-H and NGLC-H were investigated. The results indicated that the preparation of GLC,NGLC,GLC-H,and NGLC-H was a non-derivatization process. GLC and NGLC successfully crosslinked to form a porous structure in the ionic liquid system,with the three-dimensional network structure of NGLC-H being more pronounced than that of GLC-H. After forming hydrogels,the crystalline form of GLC and NGLC changed from type Ⅰ to type Ⅱ,and their thermal stability decreased. The water absorption performance of NGLC-H was significantly higher than that of GLC-H,with swelling rates of 560.3％ and 175.3％ respectively at equilibrium. When the drug release time was 30 minutes,the maximum drug release amounts from drug-loaded GLC-H and drug-loaded NGLC-H were 87.22％ and 73.33％ respectively. Throughout the drug-loading process,the drug release amount from NGLC-H was consistently lower than that from GLC-H. Both drug-loaded GLC-H and drug-loaded NGLC-H exhibited certain antibacterial effects,with comparable efficacy.
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