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劳动者休假正当事由的判断标准与规范路径

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休假的本质是具备正当事由的劳动给付义务不履行.休假正当事由判断的理论基础是劳动给付是否可期待.整体而言,休假正当事由判断的一般规则涉及权利义务的位阶划分、比例原则与个案的利益衡量.具体而言,休假事由正当性的判断可类型化为两种矛盾情形,包括劳动给付义务与劳动者的权利冲突、劳动给付义务与劳动者的其他义务冲突.在休假正当事由的规范路径方面,一方面,在劳动合同法领域,劳动给付义务的免除规定须遵循从一般到特殊的规范方式,关于劳动给付义务免除的正当事由则采取列举式与开放性规定,确保社会变迁背景下规定的灵活性;另一方面,在劳动基准法领域,应当对假期做出更精细的类型化规范,注重女性平等权,贯彻"工作—家庭平衡理念",强化用人单位的准假义务,完善假期用工成本的多元化分担机制,促进劳动者休假权的落实.
On the Determination Criteria and Normative Path of Just Reasons for Employees'Leave
The essence of leave in employment relationship is the non-fulfillment of labor-providing obligations with just reasons.The theoretical basis for determining the just reasons for leave is whether there is the possibility of expectation for performing labor-providing obligation.Overall,the general rule on determine the just reasons for leave concerns the hierarchy of rights and obligations,the principle of proportionality and the balance of interests in individual cases.Specifically,the determination of just reasons for leave can be categorized into two situations:the conflict between the labor-providing obligation and the employee's rights,and the conflict between the labor-providing obligation and the employee's other obligations.As for the normative path of just reasons for leave,on the one hand,in the field of labor contract law,it is necessary to follow the normative mode of being from general to special in terms of the exemption of labor-providing obligation,and to adopt an exemplary and open approach in terms of just reasons for the exemption of labor-providing obligation so as to ensure the flexibility of regulations in the context of social changes;on the other hand,in the field of labor standard law,it's necessary to refine the leave categories,emphasize on women's equal rights,implement the concept of work-family balance,strengthen the employer's obligation to grant leave and improve the diversified mechanism of sharing labor costs during leave so as to promote the actual enjoyment of employee's right of leave.

Reasons for LeaveDetermination of Justificationthe Balance of InterestsNormative PathHierarchy

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中国社会科学院法学研究所,北京 100720

休假事由 正当性判断 利益衡量 规范路径 位阶划分

中国社科院博士后创新项目

2024

政治与法律
上海社会科学院法学研究所

政治与法律

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:1.545
ISSN:1005-9512
年,卷(期):2024.(1)
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