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革命法制在传统乡村的实践

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20世纪20年代至40年代,中国共产党依靠武装力量在广袤的中国大地从南到北陆续建立了若干大大小小的革命根据地,开始执掌局部政权,开始了最初的法制实践.这些根据地政权全都位于乡村,又均为近代中国地理位置最为偏僻、社会经济最为落后的地区,具有血缘组织强大、传统儒家伦理影响深远、人口少、居住分散、文盲率高、工商业不发达等特征,既无共产主义文明产生之元素,也非现代法治驰骋之场所.中国共产党按照马克思主义国家观、法律观,借鉴苏联以党建国的经验,对乡村进行重塑和改造.根据地政权建设和法制实践经历了从简单移植到自主创新两个阶段.在这一过程中,中国共产党或将法制作为革命工具,或将法制作为治理手段,或将法制作为政治动员工具,通过增强个体感受、斩断与传统乡村的联系、从整体上改造社会等各种办法,调整各种复杂的利益关系,在革命和秩序之间寻求平衡,在变动中构建新的社会秩序,使生活在乡村中的底层农民与革命法制有了真实接触.与此同时,中国共产党最初的法制实践也不可避免地深深打上了乡村的烙印.
On the Practice of Revolutionary Legal System in the Traditional Rural Areas
From the 1920s to the 1940s,the Communist Party of China,relying on the armed forces,successively established several large and small revolutionory base areas in the vast land of China from south to north,began to take control of political power of partial areas,and began the initial practice of legal system.The ideal of the Communist Party of China is to realize communism in China,and these political powers of base areas were all located in rural areas which were the most remote in terms of geographical location and the most backward in terms of social economy in modern China,with the characteristics of having strong blood-connected organizations,being profoundly influenced by the traditional Confucian ethics,small population,scattered living,high illiteracy rate,and underdeveloped industry and commerce,had not the elements of communist civilization,and was not the place where the modern rule of law was developing.The Communist Party of China remodeled and transformed rural areas in accordance with the Marxist concepts of the state and the law,and by reference to the experience of the Soviet Union in building the country with the party.The construction of the political power and the practice of the legal system have gone through two stages from simple transplantation to independent innovation.In this process,the Communist Party of China used the legal system as a revolutionary tool or a means of governance or a tool of political mobilization,by various means of enhancing individual feelings,severing ties with traditional rural areas and transforming society as a whole,to adjust various complex relations concerning interests,seek a balance between revolution and order,and build a new social order in the midst of changes,so that peasants in the bottom of the society and living in the rural areas had actual contacts with the revolutionary legal system.At the same time,the initial practice of legal system by the Communist Party of China was inevitably deeply marked by the rural areas.

The Communist Party of ChinaRural Revolutionary Legal SystemReshapeGovernanceCommunity with Shared Interests

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山东大学法学院,山东青岛 266237

中国共产党 乡村革命法制 重塑 治理 利益共同体

2024

政治与法律
上海社会科学院法学研究所

政治与法律

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:1.545
ISSN:1005-9512
年,卷(期):2024.(3)
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