Department of Civil Engineering, Kyushu University,744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
Mechanical Engineering Research Laboratory, Kobe Steel, Ltd.,1-5-5, Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2271, Japan
Department of Civil Engineering, Pusan National University,30, Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea