摘要
由于电动汽车使用的快速增长和能源供应的不稳定性，车-网(V2G)技术在货运行业的应用受到了广泛的关注。V2G具有利用电动汽车电池剩余电能提高电网效率和增加利润的潜力。本文提出了(ETs)电动汽车的优化模型，为货运部门提供运营决策支持。该模型的目标是在考虑ET收费成本和系统边际价格变化的情况下，使包括收费成本、排污报酬和时间惩罚在内的总净成本最小化。在此基础上，利用ETs对V2G系统中具有软时间窗的车辆路径问题进行了灵敏度分析。
Abstract
Due to the rapid increase in the use of electric vehicles and instability in energy supply, the application of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology has gained attention in the freight transportation sector. V2G has the potential to increase the efficiency of power grid and make additional profits by utilizing surplus power from electric vehicle batteries. This paper proposes an optimization model for electric trucks (ETs) to provide operational decision-making support for the freight transportation sector. The objective of the model is to minimize the total net cost, which includes charging cost, discharging reward, and time penalties, while considering changes in ET charging cost and the system marginal price. Furthermore, we conduct sensitivity analysis in the vehicle routing problem with soft time windows using ETs in the V2G system.
NETL
NSTL
Wiley-Hindawi