Abstract
Reporters obtained the following quote from the background information supplied by the inventors:“An actuator is a device that causes motion, including linear motion or rotary motion. Actuators arecommonly used in robots to move the robot joints. In such actuators, it is very important to know therelative position a nd/or location of an end-effector of the robot so that useful work can be done i n therobot’s environment. The robotic system needs to be able to appropriately direct the actuator to hold theend-effector in a particular position and/or at a desired location, or to apply a desired force.
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