首页|Modeling Sea Clutter Doppler Spectra for L-Band Airborne Radar Under Medium Incident Angles

Modeling Sea Clutter Doppler Spectra for L-Band Airborne Radar Under Medium Incident Angles

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  • NETL
  • NSTL
  • IEEE
In ground-based L-band radar sea clutter, Bragg scattering caused by short gravity waves on the sea surface frequently exhibits azimuthal dependence, with higher order Bragg-scattering spectra clearly visible alongside the first-order spectrum. Recent measurements from an L-band airborne moving target detection (MTD) radar, operating in side-looking mode with HH polarization at medium incident angles (30°–60°), near the Zhoushan Fishing Ground in Ningbo, China, also reveal azimuth-dependent and multipeak characteristics, that pose challenges for target detection within the endo-clutter region. To better understand the clutter characteristics in L-band airborne MTD radar, this article investigates the modeling of sea clutter Doppler spectra under medium incident angles ranging from 30° to 60°. Using the small slope approximation (SSA) incorporating a time-varying rough sea surface with spikes, a systemic expression for the Doppler spectrum, accounting for the sea clutter space-time coupling, is derived. Specifically, the Doppler spectrum related to the sea surface is expressed as an azimuth-dependent underlying spectrum weighted by the antenna beam (i.e., the spatial spectrum), while the spectrum due to spikes is represented as a convolution of the spatial spectrum with an azimuth-independent underlying spectrum. Each individual spectrum is characterized with Gaussian profiles, forming the basis of a comprehensive spectrum model that can successfully capture an azimuth-independent peak and approximately 2–7 or more azimuth-dependent peaks in the real-world sea-clutter Doppler spectra. Note that the proposed model is directed against sea echoes with azimuth-dependent scattering properties from the main lobe of the two-way antenna pattern, and thus, suitably characterizes the corresponding sea-clutter Doppler features.

Doppler effectClutterRadarDoppler radarAirborne radarAtmospheric modelingScatteringRadar clutterRadar scatteringSea surface

Min Tian、Bin Liao、Bo Yuan、Guisheng Liao、Linlin Fang

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Hangzhou Institution of Technology, Xidian University, Hangzhou, China|Xidian University, Xi’an, China

State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China

School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

Aerospace Information Research Institute and the Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

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2025

10.1109/TGRS.2024.3513557

IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers transactions on geoscience and remote sensing

IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers transactions on geoscience and remote sensing

ISSN：
年,卷(期)：2025.63(1)
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