首页|Cost-Effective Removal of Cu(II) and Cd(II) from Wastewater Using Walnut Shell-Immobilized Amberlite XAD-4 as a Sorbent
Cost-Effective Removal of Cu(II) and Cd(II) from Wastewater Using Walnut Shell-Immobilized Amberlite XAD-4 as a Sorbent
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In this study, a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solid-phase extraction (SPE) method using walnut shell-immobilised on Amber-lite XAD-4 (WNS-XAD-4) was developed to pre-concentrate and determine Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions in water samples prior to flame atomic absorption analysis (FAAS). The low-cost adsorbent, prepared by immobilizing waste walnut shells on Amberlite XAD-4 (WNS-XAD-4), was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. Under optimal conditions, the method achieved recoveries of 95.7% for Cu(II) and 100% for Cd(II) using 5.0 mL of 1.5 mol L~(-1) HNO_3 as eluent. The detection limits were found as 0.582 μg L~(-1) for Cu(II) and 0.03 μg L~(-1) for Cd(II) with pre-concentration factors of 10 and 40, respectively. The accuracy of the method was validated using the certified aquatic plant reference material BCR-670 and successfully applied to various real water samples, including those from Lake Van, Billoris Spa, tap water, salt water and wastewater from Siirt, Turkey.
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