首页|Analysis of finger ridges in paper manufacturing and development of a qualitative model of their formation
Analysis of finger ridges in paper manufacturing and development of a qualitative model of their formation
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NETL
NSTL
Walter De Gruyter
This study investigates the formation of finger ridges during the paper manufacturing process, highlighting the role of structural inhomogeneities and winding conditions. Finger ridges, characterised by multiple waves oriented in machine direction, result from local grammage and moisture variations, causing troughs during winding at the pope reeler. Key contributing factors include high paper density, low air permeability, low surface roughness, and high modulus of elasticity in the z-direction. Finger ridges appear only when a pigment coating and calendering process are involved, with the calendering significantly enhancing the properties that make the paper more prone to this defect. The developed qualitative model outlines three phases of formation: Phase 1 describes the initial formation of a trough during winding due to structural inhomogeneities; Phase 2 involves the appearance of the first finger ridge in the trough due to entrapped air, moisture equalization and winding conditions; Phase 3 describes the formation of additional finger ridges symmetrically around the initial finger ridge. The preventive measures developed include ensuring uniform cross-profiles, reducing air entrainment during winding, optimizing the calendering process, and utilizing larger reel spool cores and rubberised carrying drums. Implementing these strategies can significantly reduce finger ridges, enhancing paper planarity and quality.
NETL
NSTL
Walter De Gruyter
