stalagmitesCO2 outgassingprecipitation of calciteisotope composition C-13 and O-18 of carbonate in water and calciteprior calcite precipitation (PCP)SPELEOTHEM DELTA-O-18 SIGNIFICANCEORBITAL SCALE VARIABILITYGROWTH-RATEKINETIC FRACTIONATIONDISSOLUTION KINETICSSYSTEM CACO3-H2O-CO2FIELD-MEASUREMENTSOXYGEN ISOTOPESDRIP WATERCAVE