首页|Synthesis of γ-valerolactone from ethyl levulinate hydrogenation and ethyl 4-hydroxypentanoate lactonization over supported Cu-Ni bimetallic, bifunctional catalysts
Synthesis of γ-valerolactone from ethyl levulinate hydrogenation and ethyl 4-hydroxypentanoate lactonization over supported Cu-Ni bimetallic, bifunctional catalysts
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NSTL
Elsevier
? 2021 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering ChemistryA stable and highly efficient supported Cu-Ni catalysts for the conversion of ethyl levulinate (EL) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) was developed. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM, TPD, TPR, and XPS. The support effect of metal oxides (Al2O3, SiO2, ZrO2, and TiO2) revealed that Cu-Ni supported on Al2O3 showed the highest activity for EL hydrogenation to ethyl 4-hydroxypentanoate (EHP) and the subsequent intramolecular esterification of EHP to GVL. EHP intramolecular esterification to GVL in the ethanol solution was a reversible reaction with an equilibrium constant of 24 at 453 K. A simplified reaction kinetic network was established. The solvent had a significant influence on the reaction equilibrium and the catalyst stability. Cu-Ni/Al2O3 in n-hexane solvent gave a higher GVL yield than that in ethanol solvent, and showed better recyclability than that in toluene solvent. With optimizing the conditions, Cu-Ni/Al2O3 gave 99.9% conversion and 98% selectivity to GVL with a space–time yield of 1.13 gGVL gcat-1h?1 in n-hexane solvent with good recyclability.
NSTL
Elsevier
