首页|Ethamsylate Attenuates Mutilated Secondary Pathogenesis and Exhibits a Neuroprotective Role in Experimental Model of Spinal Cord Injury
Ethamsylate Attenuates Mutilated Secondary Pathogenesis and Exhibits a Neuroprotective Role in Experimental Model of Spinal Cord Injury
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NSTL
Elsevier
in the neuronal connection that succumbs to the impairment of sensory and motor neurons are the hallmarks of spinal cord injury (SCI). Secondary pathogenesis, which initiates after the primary mechanical insult to the spinal cord, depicts a pivotal role in producing inflammation, lesion formation and ultimately causes fibrotic scar formation in the chronic period. This fibrotic scar formed acts as a major hindrance in facilitating axo-nal regeneration and is one of the root causes of motor impairment. Cascade of secondary events in SCI begins with injury-induced blood spinal cord barrier rupture that promotes increased migration of neutrophils, macro-phages, and other inflammatory cells at the injury site to initiate the secondary damages. This phenomenon leads to the release of matrix metalloproteinase, cytokines and chemokines, reactive oxygen species, and other prote-olytic enzymes at the lesion site. These factors assist in the activation of the TGF-b1 signaling pathway, which further leads to excessive proliferation of perivascular fibroblast, followed by deposition of collagen and fibronec-tin matrix, which are the main components of the fibrotic scar. Subsequently, this scar formed inhibits the prop-agation of action potential from one neuron to adjacent neurons. Ethamsylate, an anti-hemorrhagic drug, has the potential to maintain early hemostasis as well as restore capillary resistance. Therefore, we hypothesized that ethamsylate, by virtue of its anti-hemorrhagic activity, reduces hemorrhagic ischemia-induced neuronal apopto-sis, maintains the blood spinal cord barrier integrity, and decreases secondary damage severity, thereby reduce the extent of fibrotic scar formation, and demonstrates a neuroprotective role in SCI. (c) 2021 IBRO. Published by Else-vier Ltd. All rights reserved.
NSTL
Elsevier
