首页|The Changes in the Patterns of Labor Use, Supervision over Hired Labor, and Agricultural Transformation: A Comparison between Grain and Fruit Production
The Changes in the Patterns of Labor Use, Supervision over Hired Labor, and Agricultural Transformation: A Comparison between Grain and Fruit Production
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The patterns of labor use in land-intensive farming, represented by grain production, and in labor-intensive farming, represented by fruit production, are both undergoing quiet changes. The input of family labor and the number of hired laborers are decreasing in grain production, while in fruit production the decrease in family labor is accompanied by increases in the number of hired laborers and the proportion of hired labor in the overall labor input. These different trends of labor use are determined by various factors, including the difficulty of replacing labor with machinery, the reallocation of family labor, and the decline of labor exchanges among peasant families. The difficulty of labor supervision is not a critical obstacle to the use of hired laborers, because it can be relieved through various mechanisms, such as hiring laborers from acquaintance communities, working alongside the hired laborers, firing unqualified laborers, using the employer’s knowledge and experience to evaluate the efforts of hired laborers, and suitable practices of labor division. These changes in the patterns of labor use indicate that Chinese agriculture is undergoing a process of modernization, in which family labor is dominant and seasonal short-term labor is supplementary, and the new managerial units, like family farms and co-ops, are inclined to operate under appropriate farm-scales in an environment of market economy and commercialization but still with collective land ownership as their institutional basis.
the pattern of labor usesupervision over hired laboragricultural transformation用工结构雇佣劳动监督农业转型
Xuqing Zhang (张旭青)、Liyong Du (杜丽永)、Qirong Zhu (朱启荣)
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School of Economics and Management, Huaiyin Normal University (淮阴师范学院经济与管理学院), Huaian
School of International Trade and Economics, Shandong University of Finance and Economics (山东财经大学国际经贸学院)
NSTL
