Plant availability and reliability must be Progressively increased and maintenance costs reduced, if casting plant operators are to compete with the threat from new nonferrous materials. The continuous casting process has revolutionised the means of producing semi-finished and-more recently - near-net-shape steel products. However, process and engineering innovations during the last 30 years have left a trail of earlier technology Still operating in its own niche market, so that the industry now operates with several generations of casting plant.