The aging lung microenvironment awakens melanoma metastases
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In a recent publication in Nature, Fane et al. establish WNT5A as a central, age-sensitive regulator of the dormancy-to-reactivation axis of melanoma. They show that aged fibroblasts in the lungs suppress WNT5A signaling induced at the primary tumor site to awaken dormant melanoma cells and promote the outgrowth of metastases. Aging is associated with increased cancer incidence and disease-related mortality (Macdonald et al., 2011). Factors that contribute to a higher cancer incidence in older adults include decreased immune surveillance, mutational accumulation, and changes in the tissue microenvironment. Cancer cells that disseminate from the primary tumor and settle in distant locations may lie dormant for years before re-emerging to form metastases. Detection of these sparse and dormant micro-metastases is nearly impossible without established biomarkers. Therefore, further knowledge of the factors that regulate tumor dormancy and reactivation is needed in order to understand why older cancer patients are at increased risk for disease recurrence (Macdonald et al., 2011).
Bron M. Murphy、Christin E. Burd
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Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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