A comprehensive approach toward conserving <i>Malus</i> germplasm.
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NSTL
The USDA-National Plant Germplasm System apple (<i>Malus</i>) collection has traditionally been conserved by maintaining orchards in Geneva, NY and cryopreserving dormant buds of clones. The orchard Malus collection includes hundreds of <i>M. sieversii</i> and <i>M. orientalis</i> individuals. These wild relative species are valued primarily for their diverse alleles, rather than for their specific genotypes. We have developed core collections based on both phenotypic and genotypic (microsatellite) characters to identify a limited number of individuals that represent the diversity of the wild collections. In addition to maintaining selected individuals in orchard core collections, we propose that wild species should be conserved as seeds from strategically selected crosses. This would ensure that many diverse individuals are available for future selection and physiology programs, rather than a limited number of specific genotypes. Crosses have been performed among core collection individuals for two of the three complementary core collections proposed for the <i>M. sieversii</i> collection to produce seeds that can be stored for long-term storage. This conservation approach that promotes preservation of selected clones as well as diverse sets of seeds for vegetatively propagated collections has several advantages. It ensures that valuable alleles in wild collections are conserved, reduces the labor involved in cryopreserving vegetative propagules, and also maintains diverse individuals in field settings that are available for pollen and dormant budwood distribution.
NSTL
