Abstract
? 2022 Elsevier B.V.To address ever-increasing cost and resource depletion in recently secondary battery, as a perspective candidate, potassium-ion battery (PIB) has riveted enormous attention due to the richness and low cost of potassium. However, their application potentials have been greatly limited by unsatisfactory performance rooted from the large size of potassium. Herein, we adopt a hierarchically-mesopored engineering to generate carbon spheres with sulfur-doping (SHCs), possessing soft-mesoporous-shell hollow architecture assembled with evenly-distributed nanovesicles, via a spray-drying followed by sulfidation route. The delicate architecture gives such a carbon sphere a robust capability in rendering an admirable reversible capacity of 166.4 mAh g?1 at an ultra-large current density of 10 A g?1 for long-term 6900 cycles, reasonably ascribed to the artificially-designed nanovesicles, rapid diffusion approaches and reduced migration energy barrier of K atoms due to sulfur doping. More importantly, mathematical simulation has been performed to build a relationship between physical parameters and electrochemical performance. Accordingly, as-obtained multi-scaled, multi-bonded carbon spheres can act as low-cost and environment-friendly electrode materials for next-generation rechargeable battery.
NSTL
Elsevier