Abstract
The Brazilian porcupine was one of several species described and illustrated by the 17th-century naturalist Georg Marc-grave, whose text was among the primary references upon which Linnaeus based his Hystrixprehensilis. As currently understood, Coendou prehensilis is a wide-ranging polytypic taxon that has never been revised and may represent a complex of closely related species. Given that no name-bearing type specimen of C. prehensilis is believed to be extant, and in order to avoid ambiguous application of this name, we designate a specimen collected at the type locality in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, as the neotype for Hystrix prehensilis Linnaeus. The geographic distribution of mitochondrial DNA hap-lotypes suggests that specimens from west-central Brazil previously identified as "Coendou prehensilis'" belong to a different species, but only a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the genus will shed light on species limits and the geographic ranges of C. prehensilis and other congeneric forms.
NSTL