首页|New Insights into Immune-Based Diagnosis, Therapy and Prophylaxis for Infectious Diseases 2020
New Insights into Immune-Based Diagnosis, Therapy and Prophylaxis for Infectious Diseases 2020
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NSTL
Immune-based diagnostic, therapeutic, and prophylactic tools have played a central role in medicine since the discovery of antibodies at the end of the 19th century. Since then, more and more sophisticated antibody-based approaches have been developed allowing to easily diagnose different types of disorders spanning from infectious diseases to premalignant, malignant, and autoimmune diseases. As an example, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) represents one of the simplest but still most powerful methods for the diagnosis of different types of diseases, and thanks to its versatility, multiple formats have been developed such as the competitive ELISA, the sandwich ELISA, and the indirect ELISA. Additionally, besides assessing the binding to an antigen, antibody-based method approaches can also have a prognostic value since they can assess the presence, for example, of neutralizing antibodies eliciting a protective effect. In this regard, the hemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI) represents the gold standard method to evaluate the efficacy of not only current standard of care but also underdevelopment next-generation influenza vaccines in eliciting a neutralizing and protective immune response. As for ELISA, the HAI has also been developed in different formats in order to dissect the antibody response, for example, following influenza infection or vaccination. In this context, our group recently described a competitive HAI-based assay using a combination of influenza virus and recombinant influenza hemagglutinin (HA) proteins to dissect the HAI functional activity of HA-specific antibody populations in a single assay format [1].
Giuseppe A. Sautto、Roberta A. Diotti、Kristen M. Kahle
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Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
NSTL
