首页|Self-condensation of levulinic acid into bio-jet fuel precursors over acid zeolites: Elucidating the role of nature, strength and density of acid sites
Self-condensation of levulinic acid into bio-jet fuel precursors over acid zeolites: Elucidating the role of nature, strength and density of acid sites
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NSTL
Elsevier
? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The production of jet-fuel precursors from the aldol-dimerization of levulinic acid (LA) over acid zeolites is presented. Under solventless conditions, high LA conversion with selectivities to LA dimers > 90% are achieved. Chemisorption and spectroscopic analyses of the materials have revealed a cooperative effect between strong Br?nsted (BS) and strong Lewis (LS) acid sites, which favors the selective formation of dimers. BEA structure is the most efficient owing to shape selectivity effect. H-Beta 19, having an optimum Br?nsted to Lewis acid sites ratio and the adequate balance of BS/LS acid sites, displayed the best catalytic performance in terms of activity and selectivity to LA dimers. Under optimized reaction conditions H-Beta 19 achieved 79% LA conversion and > 98% selectivity. An analysis on the stability showed good reusability in consecutive reaction cycles. The small loss of activity, ascribed to the formation of organic deposits, can be reverted by calcination in air.
NSTL
Elsevier
