Graphene has been hyped as the wonder material that will turn the resources sector on its head. A million times thinner than a human hair, 200-times stronger than steel, with high conductivity, graphene could one day become a substitute for a number of base metals, including copper. But nothing much has happened since graphene hit the headlines in 2004. Expensive, complicated and not particularly 'green' to produce, the early entrepreneurs found it well-nigh impossible to scale up operations that were commercially viable. Potential customers became sceptical, disinterested.