High-strength pipeline steelsPipeline weldsHydrogen degradationMetallurgical microstructureStressHydrogen permeationDiffusion and trappingFATIGUE-CRACK GROWTHHIGH-ENTROPY ALLOYHEAT-AFFECTED ZONERESIDUAL-STRESSMECHANICAL-PROPERTIESX80 STEELPRESSURE-VESSELGRAIN-BOUNDARYNONMETALLIC INCLUSIONSTENSILE-STRESS