首页|Continuous hydrocyclization of aqueous levulinic acid to/-valerolactone over bi-functional Ru/NDOPO4/SBA-15 catalyst under mild conditions
Continuous hydrocyclization of aqueous levulinic acid to/-valerolactone over bi-functional Ru/NDOPO4/SBA-15 catalyst under mild conditions
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Herein,we demonstrate that surface acid-base properties have marked effect upon the performance(activity,selectivity and stability)of supported Ru catalysts upon tandem hydrocyclization(hydrogenation-dehydration)of aqueous levulinic acid.A mesoporous bi-functional Ru/NbOPO4/SBA-15 catalyst incorporating highly dispersed Ru sites and well balanced strong Br0nsted acidic sites(optimum B/L and M+S/W ratio)was identified,which outperformed the benchmark monofuncational(Ru/SBA-15,Ru/MCM-41)and physically blended bi-functional catalysts(Ru catalysts mixed with acid co-catalysts e.g.NbOPO4/Amberlyst-15).Further,the catalyst also demonstrated remarkable stability in a fixed-bed reactor,maintaining steady activity and γ-valerolactone selectivity(72-86%)during ca.300 h time on stream(10 bar,90-100 ℃),corroborating its industrial potential.The exceptional performance and durability of the bi-functional catalyst was attributed to the presence of well dispersed hydrothermally and chemically stable acid(NbOPO4)and redox(Ru)sites.
Tandem hydrocyclizationγ-valerolactoneSupported Ru-catalystsBi-functional catalystFlow chemistryCatalyst deactivation
Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division,CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute(CSIR-CSMCRI),Council of Scientific & Industrial Research(CSIR),G.B.Marg,Bhavnagar 364002,Gujarat,India
Technical chemistry,Department of Chemistry,Chemical-Biological Centre,Umed University,SE-901 87 Umea,Sweden
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