Ridge-like CeO2/ZnO nanobelts with tunable surface oxygen vacancies have been fabricated by a simple one-step electrospinning method. Different adding amounts of ZIF-8 (1, 3, and 5 wt%) are introduced into the electrospinning precursor solution for regulating the morphological evolution from porous nanobelts to 1D ridge-like or corrugated structure. The as-prepared ridge-like CeO2/ZnO nanobelts can display the superior photocatalytic activity for removing methylene blue (MB, 60 min, 95.12%), approximately 3.54 times than pure CeO2 nano belts. The enhanced photocatalytic mechanism can be primarily ascribed from the unique ridge-like structure for generating a new transmission mode of electrons in CeO2/ZnO.