首页|Bone mineral density in response to increased energy intake in exercising women with oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea: the REFUEL randomized controlled trial
Bone mineral density in response to increased energy intake in exercising women with oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea: the REFUEL randomized controlled trial
扫码查看
点击上方二维码区域，可以放大扫码查看
原文链接
NSTL
Elsevier
Background Energy deficiency can result in menstrual disturbances and compromised bone health in women, a condition known as the Female Athlete Triad. Objectives The REFUEL randomized controlled trial assessed the impact of increased energy intake on bone health and menstrual function in exercising women with menstrual disturbances. Methods Exercising women with oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea (Oligo/Amen) were randomly assigned to an intervention group (Oligo/Amen + Cal, n = 40, mean +/- SEM age: 21.3 +/- 0.5 y; weight: 55.0 +/- 1.0 kg; BMI: 20.4 +/- 0.3 kg/m(2)) who increased energy intake 20%-40% above baseline energy needs for 12 mo or a control group (Oligo/Amen Control, n = 36; mean +/- SEM age: 20.7 +/- 0.5 y; weight: 59.1 +/- 1.3 kg; BMI: 21.3 +/- 0.4 kg/m(2)). Energy intake and expenditure, metabolic and reproductive hormones, body composition, and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) were assessed. Results Oligo/Amen + Cal improved energy status [increased body mass (2.6 +/- 0.4 kg), BMI (0.9 +/- 0.2 kg/m(2)), fat mass (2.0 +/- 0.3 kg), body fat percentage (2.7% +/- 0.4%), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (37.4 +/- 14.6 ng/mL)] compared with Oligo/Amen Control and experienced a greater likelihood of menses (P < 0.05). Total body and spine aBMD remained unchanged (P > 0.05). Both groups demonstrated decreased femoral neck aBMD at month 6 (-0.006 g/cm(2); 95% CI: -0.011, -0.0002 g/cm(2) ; time main effect P = 0.043) and month 12 (-0.011 g/cm(2); 95% CI: -0.021, -0.001 g/cm(2); time main effect P = 0.023). Both groups demonstrated a decrease in total hip aBMD at month 6 (-0.006 g/cm(2); 95% CI: -0.011, -0.002 g/cm(2); time main effect P = 0.004). Conclusions Although higher dietary energy intake increased weight, body fat, and menstrual frequency, bone mineral density was not improved, compared with the control group. The 12-mo intervention may have been too short and the increase in energy intake (similar to 352 kcal/d), although sufficient to increase menstrual frequency, was insufficient to increase estrogen or improve aBMD. Future research should refine the optimal nutritional and/or pharmacological interventions for the recovery of bone health in athletes and exercising women with Oligo/Amen. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00392873.
bone mineral densityFemale Athlete Triadamenorrheaexercising womennutritionFEMALE ATHLETE TRIADMENSTRUAL DISTURBANCESESTROGEN DEFICIENCYHEART-RATESTRESS INJURIESMENSESRISKDETERMINANTEXPENDITUREPARAMETERS
Gibbs, Jenna C.、Don, Prabhani Kuruppumullage、Williams, Nancy, I、De Souza, Mary Jane、Ricker, Emily A.、Mallinson, Rebecca J.、Allaway, Heather C. M.、Koltun, Kristen J.、Strock, Nicole C. A.
NSTL
Elsevier
