The steel industry faces many challenges in water treatment. New technologies are now available that address these challenges with particular emphasis on monitoring control and yield improvements. The beginning of the twenty-first century has brought with it a new set of challenges for the steel industry. Low prices, high energy costs and an economic recession are affecting North American producers, while mega-mergers, export embargoes and the impact of world trade nave the European and Asian steelmakers in a serious state of flux. Pressure to improve production and lower operating costs is forcing managers to wring efficiencies Out of every one of their processes. Water costs appear early in the review process as a commodity that can significantly impact the total cost of manufacturing a product.