首页|Optimizing nitrogen fertilizer inputs and plant populations for greener wheat production with high yields and high efficiency in dryland areas
Optimizing nitrogen fertilizer inputs and plant populations for greener wheat production with high yields and high efficiency in dryland areas
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NSTL
Elsevier
Bridging yield gaps in staple crops is widely reported as a highly efficient means for improving grain production. However, changes in production efficiency and the environmental footprint remain less investigated when narrowing these gaps. In this study, we collected data from 299 wheat plots on the Loess Plateau of China to identify changes in nitrogen efficiency, nutrient balance, and environmental risks when narrowing the yield gaps. The low-yielding (L-gamma) and high-yielding (H-gamma) plots had an average yield gap of 1936 kg ha(-1) (33.5%) and nitrogen partial factor productivity gap of 10.3 kg kg(-1) (30.1%) that were simultaneously narrowed under similar fertilizer inputs. Optimizing sowing date improved spikes per m(2) (27.4%) and grains per head (12.9%), key measures to improving wheat grain yields. The high-yielding high-efficiency (H gamma LE) plots produced on average 43.0% and 14.6% higher nitrogen partial factor productivity and grain yield, respectively than the high-yielding low-efficiency (H gamma LE) plots. Appropriate nitrogen fertilizer inputs significantly enhanced nitrogen use efficiency and maintained grain yield on Hy plots. Grain yield and nitrogen partial factor productivity gradually increased with year of cultivar release (1995-2019) (P < 0.05). However, soil organic matter, pH, available phosphorus, mineral nitrogen, and available potassium had no significant effect on grain yield or nitrogen use efficiency. The H Y H E plots had the lowest nitrogen surplus (25 kg N ha(-1)), phosphorus surplus (31 kg P ha(-1)), and greenhouse gas emissions (2327 kg CO2-eq ha(-1)) of the surveyed plots. In the Hy plots, moderate potassium fertilizer should be supplemented to balance wheat production. In conclusion, excellent cultivars and high plant density are key for bridging the yield gap between L-gamma and H-gamma plots. Optimizing fertilizer management could further promote H-gamma plots from low to high production efficiency. This research provides farmers with the knowledge and methods to sustainably bridge field-level yield gaps in dryland wheat production.
Wheat yield gapNitrogen use efficiencyPlant populationFertilizationGreenhouse gas emissionWINTER-WHEATCARBON FOOTPRINTGAP ANALYSISCHINAGRAINSOILPOTASSIUMPATTERNSNUTRIENTGROWTH
Li, Chao、Wang, Xingshu、Guo, Zikang、Huang, Ning、Hou, Saibin、He, Gang、Batchelor, William D.、Siddique, Kadambot H. M.、Wang, Zhaohui、Zhang, Di
NSTL
Elsevier
