Tonga subduction systemNorthernmost Tonga island arcHigh field strength elementsSr-Hf-Nd- and double spike Pb-isotopesSamoa plumeLouisville Seamount ChainTRACE-ELEMENTBACK-ARCHAFNIUM ISOTOPEMANTLE SOURCESAMOAN-PLUMEISLAND-ARCFLUX RATESLAU BASINPETROGENESISLAVAS