首页|Characterization and transformation of nanche stone(Byrsonima crassi/olia)in an activated hydrochar with high adsorption capacity towards metformin in aqueous solution
Characterization and transformation of nanche stone(Byrsonima crassi/olia)in an activated hydrochar with high adsorption capacity towards metformin in aqueous solution
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Metformin(MET)is one of the main drugs to treat type 2 diabetes in humans,consequently its presence in the environment has increased in recent years.Therefore,in this work,hydrochars were synthesized from Byrsonima crassifolia stones using hydrothermal carbonization followed by cold chemical activation to enhance the removal of MET in aqueous solution.A response surface experimental design was employed to correlate the experimental adsorption capacity(q_(MET))with the synthesis conditions(hydrocarboniza-tion time,activation time,and NaOH concentration)and the physicochemical properties of the adsorbents.The results showed that the hydrocarbonization and activation times are the most significant factors influencing the MET removal.According to the textural and physicochemical analyses,it was found that the combination of hydrothermal treatment and cold chemical activation increased both the presence of acid and basic active sites with the O/C ratio,which favored the removal of MET in lignin-rich hydro-carbonized materials.The adsorption equilibrium studies employing the best adsorbent evidenced that MET removal was favored at pH = 7 due to a reduction of repulsive electrostatic interactions that played a main role in the adsorption process.The maximum adsorption capacity obtained was 113.6 mg/g,which was the highest value reported in the literature.Finally,the transformation of the Byrsonima crassifolia stones suggests that the activated hydrochars synthesized by the method proposed in this work results in an effective adsorbent for MET removal in aqueous solution.
Metformin hydrochlorideHydrothermal carbonizationCold chemical activationAdsorption equilibriumByrsonima crassifolia
Jonathan M.Sanchez-Silva、Virginia H.Collins-Martinez、Erika PadiIIa-Ortega
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Centro de Investigation y Estudios de Posgrado,Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas,Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi,San Luis Potosi 78260,Mexico
Ingenieria y Quimica de Materials,Centro de Investigation en Materials Avanzados,S.C.,Miguel de Cervantes #120,Complejo Industrial Chihuahua,Chih.,C.P.31136,Mexico
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