CalciteMagnesiteSphaerocobaltiteX-ray photoelectron spectroscopyScanning electron microscopyMineral growthSolubilityHETEROEPITAXIAL GROWTHMAGNESITE FORMATIONCADMIUM CARBONATESPECTROSCOPIC XPSWATER INTERFACECALCITE SURFACELOW-TEMPERATUREMETAL-IONSSORPTIONPRESSURE