首页|Spiders as bio-indicators of habitat disturbance in the riparian zone of the Ganga river: a preliminary study
Spiders as bio-indicators of habitat disturbance in the riparian zone of the Ganga river: a preliminary study
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NSTL
Springer Nature
Bio-indicators are extremely useful for quickly assessing the true condition of a rapidly deteriorating freshwater environment at a low cost. Global research has shown that the spider (Arachnida: Araneae) is a well-known taxon with bio-indicator potential. Present study was performed to find out if any spider species could be used as a bio-indicator of undisturbed habitat for Gangetic riparian zone. For the study, total 27 sites were selected along the Ganga River's banks, with an average distance of 75 kms between each site. Based on disturbance ratings, the sampling sites were divided into five groups: very low disturbed sites, low disturbed sites, moderately disturbed sites, highly disturbed sites and very highly disturbed sites. The non-parametric analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) test and non-parametric permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) were used to understand similarities of species composition between these groups. The redundancy analysis (RDA) was performed to investigate the relationship between spider distribution and habitat disturbance. The indicator value (IndVal) method was used to find out significant bio-indicator spider species for habitat disturbance. The study found that the agriculture, human occupation, manmade embankment, and sand mining were the most effective combination of disturbance that affects spider assemblage and eight species can be used as indicator of very low disturbed sites and one species can be used as indicator of low disturbed sites.
NSTL
Springer Nature
