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Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
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Macmillan Magazines Ltd.

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    INTEGRATING HEART AND LUNG MEDICINE TO SAVE LIVES

    a1-a2页
    查看更多>>摘要：For a person with localized lung cancer, surgery may offer the promise of a cure. But that hope can be dashed if during preparation for surgery, or on the operating table, doctors discover a severe blockage in the main artery feeding the heart. A blocked coronary artery raises the risk of a heart attack that is as life-threatening as the cancer itself. For many hospitals, this discovery would raise a tough choice: delay the cancer surgery to treat the heart, or accept the high risk of a heart attack and treat the cancer. "This passive approach poses a serious threat to patient safety and outcomes," says Xumin Hou, a cardiologist and president of Shanghai Chest Hospital (SCH) in China.
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    This must be the year the world comes together on AI safety

    7-7页
    查看更多>>摘要：You don't need to be an oracle to know that the comingyearwill see further advances in artificial intelligence, as updated and new models, publications and patents continue their inexorable rise. If current trends are a reliableguide, many countries will also be enacting more AI-related laws and regulations. In 2023, at least 30 such laws were passed around the world, according to the Artificial Intelligence Index Report 2025, produced by researchers at Stanford University in California (seego.nature.com/49nqiyv). The following year saw another 40. Over the past couple of years, AI lawmaking has been busiest in the East Asia and Pacific region, in Europe and in individual US states. Between them, US states passed 82 AI-related bills in 2024. But there are some notable cold spots, too: there has been relatively little activity in low and lower-middle-income countries. Meanwhile, the US federal government is bucking the trend by cancelling AI policy work and challenging state-level AI laws.
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    Why academic publishers need external oversight

    Jennifer A. Byrne
    8-8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Hospitals, airlines and drug manufacturers are subject to oversight by external regulators, to ensure that consumers receive safe and high-quality services and products. In science too, regulators check that products from equipment manufacturers and reagent suppliers are fit for purpose. When 1 oversaw laboratories that used genetically modified organisms, the labs needed external certification to show that they had safe handling and storage processes. There's nothing like knowing that an inspector could show up unannounced to focus people on safety standards. Yet, one area of science is strangely devoid of independent checks - academic publishing. In my view, external oversight could push journals and publishers to work harder to reduce integrity issues that are harming the scientific literature. These range from a lack of timely corrections and retractions for faulty papers, to a flood of manuscripts produced by artificial intelligence and paper-mill businesses that churn out fake or low-quality papers and sell authorships.
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    Outbreaks ignore borders; Africa needs a unified plan

    Paul Adepoju
    9-9页
    查看更多>>摘要：The United States is rolling out bilateral health agreements across Africa under its America First Global Health Strategy. Its announcement on 4 December of a US$1.6-billion health agreement with Kenya was the first, and signals a shift in how the United States intends to engage with African health systems. Rather than strengthening relevant continental bodies such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the African Union and the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the strategy leans towards one-to-one agreements between governments. The timing could not be more delicate. It follows the United States' withdrawal of funding from Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, and the WHO, two international health institutions that African governments rely on for vaccines, coordination and technical support, and the importance of which in the region has grown since the COVID-19 pandemic.
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    SCIENCE IN 2026: THE EVENTS TO WATCH FOR THIS YEAR

    Miryam Naddaf
    11-13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Research powered by artificial intelligence made leaps last year, and it is here to stay. AI 'agents' that integrate several large language models (LLMs) to carry out complex, multi-step processes are likely to be used more widely, some with little human oversight. This year might even bring the first consequential scientific advances made by AI. But heavier use could also expose serious failures in some systems. Researchers have already reported errors that AI agents are prone to, such as the deletion of data. This year will also bring techniques that move beyond LLMs, which are expensive to train. Newer approaches focus on designing small-scale AI models that learn from a limited pool of data and can specialize in solving specific reasoning puzzles. These systems do not generate text, but process mathematical representations of information. In 2025, one such tiny AI model beat massive LLMs at a logic test.
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    CHINA LEADS RESEARCH IN 90% OF CRUCIAL TECHNOLOGIES

    Xiaoying You
    13-14页
    查看更多>>摘要：China is leading research in nearly 90% of the crucial technologies that "significantly enhance, or pose risks to, a country's national interests", according to a technology tracker run by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI) - an independent think tank. The ASPI's Critical Technology Tracker evaluated high-quality research on 74 current and emerging technologies in 2025, up from the 64 technologies it analysed in 2024. China is ranked number one for research on 66 of the technologies, including nuclear energy, synthetic biology and small satellites, and the United States topped the remaining 8, including quantum computingandgeoengineering.
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    HOW COMMON IS ALZHEIMER'S? BLOOD TESTS OFFER INSIGHTS

    Asher Milliard
    14-14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Nearly one in ten people over the age of 70 have Alzheimer's disease dementia, shows a first-of-its-kind study that paired blood-based markers and clinical assessments to study the disease in Norway. That prevalence is in line with previous estimates for some other white populations. But there were also unexpected differences, including higher disease rates than anticipated in individuals older than 85. "This is very important work from a beautiful Norwegian study," says Nicolas Villain, a neurologist at Sorbonne University in Paris who was not involved in the research. The study, published last month in Nature, shows that blood-based tools can improve epidemiolog-ical estimates of neurodegenerative disease.
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    QUANTUM-COMPUTING METRICS IDENTIFY TRUE BREAKTHROUGHS

    Elizabeth Gibney
    15-16页
    查看更多>>摘要：Claims of leaps in quantum computing are made almost daily, but progress is hard to judge when each research group uses its own mixture of hardware, algorithms and evaluation metrics, making it near impossible to compare systems. Now, researchers are trying to make it easier to chart the performance of quantum machines. As part of an ongoing effort, a consortium of UK researchers has created a suite of metrics that they say is a holistic way to measure the performance of quantum computers. They have published the work alongside a library of open-source software called QCMet (D. Lall et al. Separately, a group including tech giant IBM and Helsinki-based quantum-software company Algorithmiq launched the Quantum Advantage Tracker in November as a way to compare experiments that purport to show 'quantum advantage' - that is, an efficiency or accuracy better than that of a classical machine.
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    GIANT 3D MAP SHOWS ALMOST EVERY BUILDING IN THE WORLD

    Mohana Basu
    16-16页
    查看更多>>摘要：Scientists have produced the most detailed 3D map of almost all buildings in the world. The map, called GlobalBuildingAtlas, combines satellite imagery and machine learning to generate 3D models for 97% of buildings on Earth. The data set, published on 1 December (X. X. Zhu et al. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 17, 6647-6668; 2025), covers 2.75 billion buildings, each mapped with footprints and heights at a spatial resolution of 3 metres by 3 metres. The 3D map opens new possibilities for disaster risk assessment, climate modelling and urban planning, according to study co-author Xiaoxiang Zhu, an Earth observation data scientist at the Technical University of Munich in Germany. It could also help to improve how researchers monitor United Nations Sustainable Development Goals for cities and communities, Zhu adds.
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    THE SCIENCE OF 2050

    David Adam
    18-20页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Roman sage Marcus Aurelius said we should never let the future disturb us. But then he never had a conversation with the futurologist Nick Bostrom about the state of the world in 2050. "There's a good likelihood that by 2050, all scientific research will be done by superintelligent AI rather than human researchers," Bostrom said in an e-mail. "Some humans might doscienceasa hobby, butthey wouldn't be making any useful contributions." Time to rethink your career options. Nature readers!
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