查看更多>>摘要：Neurosurgery， the official journal of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons was first published in 1977 and it has had 5 Editors-in-Chief (EIC): Robert Wilkins (1977-1982)， Clark Watts (1982-1987)， Edward Laws Jr (1987-1992)， Michael L。 J。 Apuzzo (1992-2009)， and Nelson M。 Oyesiku (2009-Present)。 In considering a worthy testimonial to these Editors Emeriti， I have appropriated that of the great architect， Sir Christopher Wren， "Lector， si monumentum requiris， circumspice" ("Reader， if you seek a monument， look around you")-see cover。
James Tanner McMahonMatthew StuderBryan UlrichJuan M. Revuelta Barbero...
8页
查看更多>>摘要：BACKGROUND: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a promising noninvasive biomarker to capture tumor genetics in patients with brain tumors。 Research into its clinical utility， however， has not been standardized because the sensitivity and specificity of ctDNA remain undefined。 OBJECTIVE: To (1) review the primary literature about ctDNA in adults with glioma to compare the sensitivity and specificity of ctDNA in the cerebrospinal fluid vs the plasma and (2) to evaluate the effect of tumor grade on detection of ctDNA。 METHODS; PRISMA-guided systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using published studies that assessed ctDNA in either plasma or cerebrospinal fluid among adult patients with confirmed glioma。 Summary receiver operating characteristic curves were generated using the Rucker-Schumacher method， and area under the curve (AUC) was calculated。
Ron GadotMelissa A. LoPrestiDavid N. SmithLara Ouellette...
8页
查看更多>>摘要：BACKGROUND: Firearm-related injury is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric populations。 Despite a disproportionate role in the most morbid outcomes in both traumatic brain injury and firearm-related injury populations， firearm-related traumatic brain injury (frTBI) is an understudied epidemiologicai entity。 There is need to increase understanding and promote interventions that reduce this burden of disease。 OBJECTIVE: To assess the evidence characterizing pediatric frTBI to highlight trends and gaps regarding burden of disease and interventions to reduce frTBI。 METHODS: We conducted a scoping review under Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines on peer-reviewed studies across 5 databases (Medline OVID， EMBASE， Web of Science Legal Collection， Psy-chlNFO， and Academic Search Complete)。 English studies examining pediatric frTBI epidemiology， prevention， and/or social or legal policy advocacy were included。 Articles were excluded if they more generally discussed pediatric firearm-related injury without specific analysis of frTBI。
Kelly A. ShaftelTyler S. ColeJubran H. JubranTyler D. Schriber...
9页
查看更多>>摘要：BACKGROUND; Despite patients experiencing high recurrence and readmission rates after surgical management of nontraumatic subdural hematomas (SDHs)， few studies have examined the causes and predictors of unplanned readmissions in this population on a national scale。 OBJECTIVE: To analyze independent factors predicting 30-day hospital readmissions after surgical treatment of nontraumatic SDH in patients who survived their index surgery and evaluate hospital readmission rates and charges。 METHODS: Using the Nationwide Readmissions Database， we identified patients who underwent craniotomy for nontraumatic SDH evacuation (2010-2015) using a retrospective cohort observational study design。 National estimates and variances within the cohort were calculated after stratifying， hospital clustering， and weighting variables。
Ahmad AlhouraniScott A. WylieJessica E. SummersFenna T. Phibbs...
7页
查看更多>>摘要：BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson disease provides significant improvement of motor symptoms but can also produce neurocognitive side effects。 A decline in verbal fluency (VF) is among the most frequently reported side effects。 Preoperative factors that could predict VF decline have yet to be identified。 OBJECTIVE; To develop predictive models of DBS postoperative VF decline using a machine learning approach。 METHODS: We used a prospective database of patients who underwent neuropsychological and VF assessment before both subthalamic nucleus (n = 47， bilateral = 44) and globus pallidus interna (n = 43， bilateral = 39) DBS。 We used a neurobehavioral rating profile as features for modeling postoperative VF。 We constructed separate models for action， semantic， and letter VF。 We used a leave-one-out scheme to test the accuracy of the predictive models using median absolute error and correlation with actual postoperative scores。
Brendan T. CrabbForrest HamrickJustin M. CampbellJoshua Vignolles-Jeong...
9页
查看更多>>摘要：BACKGROUND; Unplanned readmission after transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenoma can occur in up to 10% of patients but is unpredictable。 OBJECTIVE: To develop a reliable system for predicting unplanned readmission and create a validated method for stratifying patients by risk。 METHODS: Data sets were retrospectively collected from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and 2 tertiary academic medical centers。 Eight machine learning classifiers were fit to the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data， optimized using Bayesian parameter optimization and evaluated on the external data。 Permutation analysis identified the relative importance of predictive variables， and a risk stratification system was built using the trained machine learning models。
Syed M. AdilLefko T. CharalambousShashank RajkumarAndreas Seas...
8页
查看更多>>摘要：BACKGROUND: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) effectively reduces opioid usage in some patients， but preoperatively， there is no objective measure to predict who will most benefit。 OBJECTIVE: To predict successful reduction or stabilization of opioid usage after SCS using machine learning models we developed and to assess if deep learning provides a significant benefit over logistic regression (LR)。 METHODS: We used the IBM MarketScan national databases to identify patients undergoing SCS from 2010 to 2015。 Our models predict surgical success as defined by opioid dose stability or reduction 1 year after SCS。 We incorporated 30 predictors， primarily regarding medication patterns and comorbidities。 Two machine learning algorithms were applied: LR with recursive feature elimination and deep neural networks (DNNs)。 To compare model performances， we used nested 5-fold cross-validation to calculate area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC)。
Mohamed M. SalemSvetlana KvintPhilipp HendrixFadi Al Saiegh...
6页
查看更多>>摘要：BACKGROUND: The flow redirection endoluminal device (FRED) is a novel self-expanding double-layer nitinol braided flow diverter that recently received FDA approval。 However， early postmarket studies from the United States are lacking。 OBJECTIVE: To report our short-term multicenter experience。 METHODS; Series of consecutive patients undergoing FRED treatment for intracranial an-eurysms were queried from prospectively maintained registries at 4 North-American Centers in Pennsylvania (February 2020-June 2021)。 The pertinent baseline demographics， aneurysmal characteristics， and procedural outcomes were collected and analyzed， with primary outcome of aneurysmal occlusion and secondary outcome of safety and complications。
查看更多>>摘要：BACKGROUND: In patients with C7-T1 brachial plexus avulsions， complete loss of hand function is commonly seen。 However， the reconstruction of hand function is difficult。 OBJECTIVE: To report the outcomes of hand function recovery after combined nerve and tendon transfers in C7-T1 brachial plexus injury。 METHODS; From 2012 to 2019， 8 patients with C7-T1 brachial plexus injury underwent combined nerve and tendon transfers for hand function restoration， which included the following: (1) the pronator teres motor branch to the anterior interosseous nerve and brachialis motor branch to the flexor digitorum superficialis branch for finger flexion， (2) the supinator motor branch to the posterior interosseous nerve for finger extension， (3) the brachioradialis tendon transfer for thumb opposition， and (4) the radial branch of the superficial radial nerve to the sensory branch of the ulnar nerve for sensory reconstruction。 Patients were evaluated for functional improvement of finger flexion， finger extension， thumb opposition， and sensory recovery。
查看更多>>摘要：BACKGROUND: Disconnection surgery for the treatment of epileptic hypothalamic hamartomas (HHs) is strategically difficult in cases with complex-shaped HHs， especially with bilateral hypothalamic attachments， despite its effectiveness。 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of a new approach for stereotactic radiofrequency thermocoagulation (SRT) using penetration of the third ventricle (SRT-TT) aiming to disconnect bilateral hypothalamic attachments in a single-staged， unilateral procedure。 METHODS; Ninety patients (median age at surgery， 5。0 years) who had HHs with bilateral hypothalamic attachments and were followed for at least 1 year after their last SRT were retrospectively reviewed。
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