查看更多>>摘要：Nicardipine is an antihypertensive drug that may be used off-label by oral route to treat hypertension in children. Currently commercially available tablets are inappropriate for oral use in children and manufactured hard capsules are not suitable for easy dose individualization to achieve target blood pressure. We aimed to fulfill this lack of appropriate dose forms by developing an oral liquid formulation of nicardipine.
查看更多>>摘要：The accurate prediction of new interactions between drugs is important for avoiding unknown (mil d or severe) adverse reactions to drug combinations. The development of effective in silico methods for evaluating drug in-teractions based on gene expression data requires an understanding of how various drugs alter gene expression. Current computational methods for the prediction of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) utilize data for known DDIs to predict unknown interactions. However, these methods are limited in the absence of known predictive DDIs. To improve DDIs interpretation, a recent study has demonstrated strong non-linear (i.e., dose-dependent ) effects of DDIs. In this study, we present a new unsupervised learnin g approach involving tensor decomposition (TD)-based unsupervised feature extraction (FE) in 3D. We utilize ou r approach to reanalyze available gene expression profiles for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found that non-linearity is possible, even for single drugs. Thus, non-linear dose-dependence cannot always be attributed to DDIs. Ou r analysis provides a basis for the design of effective methods for evaluating DDIs.
查看更多>>摘要：Chitosan nanoparticles (CT NPs) have attractive biomedical applications due to their unique properties. This present research aimed at development of chitosan nanoparticles to be used as skin delivery systems for cosmetic components and drugs and to track their penetration behaviour through pig skin. CT NPs were prepared by ionic gelation technique using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and Acacia as crosslinkers. The particle sizes of NPs appeared to be dependent on the molecular weight of chitosan and concentration of both chitosan and cross linkers. CT NPs were positively charged as demonstrated by their Zeta potential values. The formation of the nanoparticles was confirmed by FTIR and DSC. Both SEM and TEM micrographs showed that both CT-Acacia and CT:TPP NPs were smooth, spherical in shape and are distributed uniformly with a size range of 200nm to 300 nm. The CT:TPP NPs retained an average of 98% of the added water over a 48-hour period. CT-Acacia NPs showed high moisture absorption but lower moisture retention capacity, which indicates their competency to entrap polar actives in cosmetics and release the encapsulated actives in low polarity skin conditions. The cytotoxicity studies using MTT assay showed that CT NPs made using TPP or Acacia crosslinkers were similarly non-toxic to the human dermal fibroblast cells. Cellular uptake study of NPs observed using live-cell imaging microscopy, proving the great cellular internalisation of CT:TPP NPs and CT-Acacia NPs. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that CT NPs of particle size 530nm containing fluorescein sodium salt as a marker were able to penetrate through the pig skin and gather in the dermis layer. These results show that CT NPs have the ability to deliver the actives and cosmetic components through the skin and to be used as cosmetics and dermal drug delivery system.
查看更多>>摘要：Hyperpigmentation is a common skin disorder caused by excessive melanogenesis and uneven dispersion of melanin in the skin. To combine multiple active agents with an efficient transdermal drug delivery system is an effective strategy to combat UV induced skin pigmentation. In this work, Arbutin (Arb) and Vitamin C (Vc) mixed in 1:1 were found to have the greatest inhibition effects on melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity in B16 murine melanoma cells. And hyaluronic acid (HA) based dissolving microneedles array (DMNA) was employed to overcome the skin barriers for improved topical drug delivery, which exhibited the most desirable features, including morphology, mechanical properties, dissolving ability, and the highest drug loading. Furthermore, DMNA could greatly increase the stability of Vc during storage without adding any antioxidant which is an important issue for Vc administration. Pharmacodynamics study showed that DMNA loaded with Arb and Vc could synergistically suppress UVB-induced hyperpigmentation in guinea pig skin. This work provides a promising treatment strategy and solution for skin pigmentation and other skin problems.
NSTL
Elsevier