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International Journal of Neuroscience
Gordon and Breach
International Journal of Neuroscience

Gordon and Breach

0020-7454

International Journal of Neuroscience/Journal International Journal of NeuroscienceSCIISTPAHCI
正式出版
收录年代

    Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes human dental pulp stem cells cultured in 3D porous chitosan scaffolds to neural differentiation

    Ke ZhengGuijuan FengJinlong ZhangJing Xing...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：ABSTRACT Aim/Purpose: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were widely used as seed cells in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, including spinal cord injury (SCI) repair and other neuronal degenerative diseases, due to their easy isolation, multiple differentiation potential, low immunogenicity and low rates of rejection during transplantation. Various studies have shown that bFGF can enhance peripheral nerve regeneration after injury, and phospho-ERK (p-ERK) activation as a major mediator may be involved in this process. Previous studies also have proved that a suitable biomaterial scaffold can carry and transport the therapeutic cells effectively to the recipient area. It has showed in our earlier experiments that 3D porous chitosan scaffolds exhibited a suitable circumstance for survival and neural differentiation of DPSCs in vitro. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of chitosan scaffolds and bFGF on differentiation of DPSCs. Materials and methods: In current study, DPSCs were cultured in chitosan scaffolds and treated with neural differentiation medium for 7 days. The neural genes and protein markers were analyzed by western blot and immunofluorescence. Meanwhile, the relevant signaling pathway involved in this process was also tested. Results: Our study revealed that the viability of DPSCs was not influenced by co-culture with the chitosan scaffolds as well as bFGF. Compared with the control and DPSC/chitosan-scaffold groups, the levels of GFAP, S100b and b-tubulin III significantly increased in the DPSC/chitosan-scaffold+bFGF group. Conclusion: Chitosan scaffolds were non-cytotoxic to the survival of DPSCs, and chitosan scaffolds combined with bFGF facilitated the neural differentiation of DPSCs. The transplantation of DPSCs/chitosan-scaffold+bFGF might be a secure and effective method of treating SCI and other neuronal diseases.
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    The relationship between first pass recanalization of stent-retriever-based thrombectomy and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in middle cerebral artery occlusions

    Nihat SengezeSemih Giray
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：ABSTRACT Background: Inflammatory response plays an important role in the process of ischemic stroke. Rapid, sustained and complete reperfusion is the most important modifiable prognostic factor for a favorable clinical outcome in patients receiving endovascular treatment (EVT). The studies related to the clot contents regarding the high level of leukocyte clots that are difficult to recan-alize are quite remarkable. We aimed to investigate the relationship between Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and recanalization at the first pass thrombectomy. Methods: Study was conducted from February 2015 to December 2018. Patients with stroke were treated with mechanical thrombectomy. The normality of distribution of continuous variables was tested by Shapiro-Wilk test. The Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test was used to assess relations between variables. ROC curve analysis was performed to determine the cut-off value for NLR. Results: There were 84 patients included the study, the mean age 62.8 ±12.9; 61.9% (52/84) that were female; median (IQR 25-75) NIHSS 16 (14-19) treated with stent-retriever-based thrombectomy. The distribution of NLR was skewed (p value for 1-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test: <0.001). In terms of recanalization outcomes, the patients with NLR < 3.51 showed a significantly higher rates of successful recanalization (AUC — 0.671 ±0.06; p — 0.005). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that higher admission NLR values are independent predictors of unsuccessful recanalization first pass in MCA M1 occlusion of stroke patients treated with mechanical stent-retriever-based thrombectomy. Future large cohort and structural analysis of thrombi studies are needed to further explore the role of NLR as a prognostic neuroinflamma-tory biomarker for successful recanalization in EVT of stroke. List of abbreviations: MCA: middle cerebral artery; NLR: neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; MT: mechanical thrombectomy; EVT: endovascular treatment; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; mTICI: modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction
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    Enriched environment improves post-stroke cognitive impairment and inhibits neuroinflammation and oxidative stress by activating Nrf2-ARE pathway

    Xinxin ZhangMei YuanSongbin YangXiaoya Chen...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：ABSTRACT Introduction: Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are major mechanisms of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) neural injury and decreased spatial and memory capacity. Enriched environment (EE) is an effective method to improve cognitive dysfunction. However, the regulation by EE of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and associated mechanisms in animal models remains unclear. Materials and methods: In this study, a rat PSCI model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Rats were randomly divided into the control group, standard environment (SE) group and EE group for 28days. A Morris water-maze test was used to measure cognitive function at 7, 14 and 28 days after MCAO. Rats were sacrificed on the 28th day. Quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry and ELISA were respectively used to detect mRNA expression of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Nrf2 response genes, the expression of IL-1 b and levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus. Results: EE improved mNSS scores and cognitive ability in PSCI rats. EE increased mRNA expression of the Nrf2 and Nrf2 response genes, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). EE significantly decreased the level of malondialde-hyde (MDA) and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), in the hippocampus of PSCI rats. EE reduced the number of IL-1 b positive cells in the hippocampus, and IL-1b levels in the hippocampus and serum. EE increased GFAP-positive astrocytes in the hippocampus, and BDNF levels in the hippocampus and serum. Conclusions: EE can improve cognitive function in PSCI rats by inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.
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    Mechanical characteristics of BMSCs-intervened sciatic nerve in chronic alcohol-intoxicated animal model

    Peng LiYudong ChenKun YangDachuan Chen...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：ABSTRACT Objective: To study the mechanical properties of sciatic nerve in rats with chronic alcoholism (CA) and intervened with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and to provide bio-mechanical basis for clinical practice. Methods: the serum of the BMSCs-intervened CA rats was sampled and determined the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), metallothionein (CAS, MT), and Glutathione/r -glutamyl cys-teinyl/glycine (GSH); meanwhile, the rats' sciatic nerve was tested the tensile and observed the histomorphological changes. Results: The mechanical properties of sciatic nerve in BMSCs-intervened CA rats, as well as the serum levels of MT and GSH, were significantly different from those in the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-intervened CA rats (p<0.05). Conclusions: BMSCs intervention can restore the levels of MT, GSH, MDA, histomorphology, and tensile mechanical properties in CA animal model, and its effects on repairing sciatic nerve are obvious.
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    The effects of modified anti-inflammatory diet on fatigue, quality of life, and inflammatory biomarkers in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients: a randomized clinical trial

    Zahra Mousavi-Shirazi-FardZohreh MazloomSadegh IzadiMohammad Fararouei...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：ABSTRACT Background: The role of dietary interventions in improving the symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has always been considered, but few studies have been conducted in this area. This study aimed to investigate the effects of modified anti-inflammatory diet on fatigue, quality of life, and inflammatory markers among patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS). Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 100 patients with RRMS. The patients were randomly divided into the diet group (anti-inflammatory diet) or the control group (healthy diet recommendations) for 12 weeks. Fatigue and quality of life were assessed by Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) and Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life (MSQoL-54), respectively. Anthropometric measures and inflammatory biomarkers, including Interleukin 17 (IL-17), Interleukin 4 (IL-4), and high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), were assessed at baseline and end of the study. Results: The results showed a significant improvement in MFIS as well as in physical and mental components of MSQoL-54 (p — 0.001, p = 0.015, and p — 0.003, respectively) in the diet group compared to the control group. The results also showed a significant increase in IL-4 level (p — 0.022). However, no significant changes were detected in IL-17 and hs-CRP levels (p — 0.091, 0.418, respectively). Conclusion: Modified anti-inflammatory diet could improve fatigue and quality of life and increase IL-4 level.
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    Effect of aquaporin 4 protein overexpression in nigrostriatal system on development of Parkinson's disease

    Yanchao DongYi YuanYuan FangTao Zheng...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：ABSTRACT Objects: Recent studies indicated that aquaporin 4 (AQP4), as the main water channel in the central nervous system (CNS), participated in the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). But how the AQP4 influenced the exacerbation of PD has not been described in detail. In this study, the effect of the AQP4 protein overexpression in nigrostriatal system that include substantia nigra (SN) and striatum (CPu) on the development of PD was investigated. Methods: Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were equally divided into two groups at random: PD group and control group, PD group undergoing surgery and receiving 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Using MRI tracer-based method, extracellular space (ECS) diffusion parameters of nigrostriatal system for all rats were measured, including the clearance coefficient (k') and the half-life (t1/2). Immunohistochemistry of AQP4 was performed for 20 rats. Results: The area of dark-stained AQP4 immunoreactivity increased markedly in SN of PD rats, there were significant differences between two groups (SN: t— 5.809, p<0.0001; CPu: f=5.943, p< 0.0001). And the diffusion parameters were significantly greater in PD group than that of control group, including k0 (SN: f= 5.519, p< 0.0001; CPu: t =2.149, p = 0.045) and t1/2 (SN: f = 6.131, p<0.0001; CPu: t = 6.708, p<0.0001). There was a significant positive correlation between the AQP4 expression level and the k' values (SN: r = 0.827, p = 0.0031; CPu: r = 0.641, p — 0.0046), and a significant negative correlation between AQP4 and the t1/2 values (SN: r=-0.654, p = 0.0403; CPu: r=-0.664, p = 0.0362). Conclusions: The results indicated that AQP4 expression was increased in nigrostriatal system of PD rats, therefore, the overexpression of AQP4 led to acceleration of the diffusion and drainage process of drugs in ECS, reduced the effect of drugs for the treatment of PD, inhibited the development of PD.
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    The rs3129882/rs4248166 in HLA-DRA and rs34372695 in SYT11 are not associated with sporadic Parkinson's disease in Central Chinese population

    Jie LiLubao JianJinsha HuangNian Xiong...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：ABSTRACT Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Up to now, several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in virulence gene sites have been reported linked to PD. Candidate gene association studies and genome-wide association studies have identified rs3129882, rs4248166 in HLA-DRA and rs34372695 in SYT11 as risk factors for familial or sporadic PD. However, the association between variants of HLA-DRA, SYT11 and PD are still controversial, especially in the Central Chinese population. We here performed a case-control study to investigate whether HLA-DRA and SYT1 1 genes could predispose to sporadic PD in the Chinese population. Methods: We investigate 486 PD patients and 457 age- and sex-matched controls from Central China to assess this association. Results: In the allele model, the odds ratio (OR) result of rs3129882 was 0.905 (p = 0.287). Moreover, no significant difference was observed in the association between rs424816 (OR — 0.864, p = 0.106) and rs34372695 (p=1.0) with PD risk. Genotypic analysis in SNP rs3129882, rs4248166 and rs34372695 indicated no significant association with PD. Subgroup analysis of our data showed age-onset and gender were not associated with either genotype or minor allele frequencies of rs3129882 and rs4248166. Moreover, the negative results were also observed in a meta-analysis of studies of rs3129882 from mainland China and Taiwanese population. Conclusions: Our results reveal that rs3129882, rs4248166 and rs34372695 do not confer significant risks for sporadic PD in the Central Chinese population.
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    The clinical application of transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with cerebellar ataxia: a systematic review

    Graziella OrruValentina CesariCiro ConversanoAngelo Gemignani...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：ABSTRACT Aim: The aim of this review was to investigate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on motor function in patients with cerebellar ataxia. Materials and methods: Our systematic review has been performed by searching full-text articles on Pubmed and Scopus. Only studies investigating the motor effects of tDCS in patients with cerebellar ataxias were considered. A qualitative analysis of data was performed, as the methodology of the selected studies was highly heterogeneous. Results: Our search yielded a total of twenty-seven hits. Based on the inclusion criteria, 19 of these were excluded and 89 were retained (number of patients — 81).The results reviewed so far suggest that tDCS over cerebellum combined or not with extra-cerebellar areas might be promising approach to improve motor outcomes, with a greater success in patients less impaired. In particular, it is been shown an improvement in both clinical measures assessing cerebellar deficits (i.e. gait, stance and oculomotor disorders) and performance measures (finger dexterity, upper limb coordination and gait speed). Some of the assessed investigations highlighted a restore effect of cerebellar brain inhibition pathway and resting motor threshold after tDCS. Conclusions: tDCS could be considered an effective approach to promote plasticity in patient with cerebellar ataxia with significant motor effects. Future studies, with larger sample sizes are needed in order to evaluate the effective tDCS benefits on motor functionality. Due to the limited number of studies available so far, conclusions on the effectiveness of the reported approaches are premature.
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    Cerebrospinal fluid leaks secondary to dural tears: a review of etiology, clinical evaluation, and management

    Jason GhiAndrew DiMatteoGunjan JoshiNoel L. Smith...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：ABSTRACT Objective: Damage to the dura mater often occurs in trauma cases of the head and spine, surgical procedures, lumbar punctures, and meningeal diseases. The resulting damage from dural tears, or durotomy, causes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to leak out into the surrounding space. The CSF leak induces intracranial hypotension, which can clinically present with a range of symptoms not limited to positional headaches which can confound accurate diagnosis. Current methods of evaluation and management of dural tears are discussed herewith, as well as the present understanding of its etiology, which may be classified as related to surgery, procedure, trauma, or connective tissue disorder. Methods: We piloted a MEDLINEVR database search of literature, with emphasis on the previous five years, combining keywords such as "cerebrospinal fluid leak," "surgery," "procedure," and "trauma" to yield original research articles and case reports for building a clinical profile. Results: Patients with suspected dural tears should be evaluated based on criteria set by the International Headache Society, radiological findings, and a differential diagnosis to accurately identify the tear and its potential secondary complications. Afflicted patients may be treated promptly with epidural blood patches, epidural infusions, epidural fibrin glue, or surgical repair. At this time, epidural blood patches are the first line of treatment. Dural tears can be prevented to an extent by utilizing minimally invasive techniques and certain positions for lumbar puncture. Surgical, trauma, lumbar puncture, and epidural injection patients should be observed very carefully for dural tears and CSF leaks as the presenting clinical manifestations can be highly individualized and misguiding. Conclusion: Because studies have demonstrated a high frequency of dural tears, particularly in spinal surgery patients, there is a need for prospective studies so that clinicians can develop an elaborate prevention strategy and response to avoid serious, unseen complications.
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    Intravenous thrombolysis in a peripheral primary stroke center without advanced imaging, a retrospective 2016-2017 cohort study

    Jussi O. T. Sipila
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：ABSTRACT Purpose of the study: The hyperacute care of ischemic stroke has evolved markedly. It is unclear to which level stroke centre patients should primarily be taken so information of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) outcomes in smaller centres are needed. Methods: All IVT episodes in North Karelia Central hospital in 2016-2017 were analysed retrospectively using hospital registries and individual medical records. Results: IVT had been given to 75 patients (47% women) whose median age was 74years [IQR 64, 81; no gender difference (p = 0.70)]. Median NIHSS on admission was 6 (IQR 4, 10) and onset-to-treatment time (OTT) 125min (95% CI 112-138min). Two intracranial bleeding complications were observed. Clinical status improved following IVT and 53.4% were independent at six months (85% were independent before the stroke). In a multivariate analysis the NIHSS score was the only predictor (B = 0.12, R2=0.34, p — 0.0001) of modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Large-vessel occlusion (LVO) was identified in 27% (35% women). Their median mRS was 2.0 (25% had died). Endovascular thrombectomy had followed IVT in 30% of the LVO-patients. Conclusions: IVT results were generally in this peripheral PSC-level hospital without advanced imaging capabilities, but LVO outcomes need improvement. A mothership strategy should be evaluated.
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