首页期刊导航|Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association.
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Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association.
American Mosquito Control Association,
Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association.

American Mosquito Control Association,

8756-971X

Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association./Journal Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association.
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    SURVIVAL OF OVERWINTERING AEDES ALBOPICTUS EGGS UNDER NATURAL CONDITIONS IN NORTH-CENTRAL FLORIDA

    Jiang, Yongxing
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：Aedes albopictus mosquitoes overwinter as eggs in north-central Florida. Knowledge of this species' overwintering survival rate is of great interest to local mosquito control districts. In this study, fieldcollected Ae. albopictus eggs were exposed to natural conditions during winter 2016-17 in Gainesville, FL, to determine the overwintering survival rate. Individual strips of germination paper containing eggs of this species were collected from ovitraps in November 2016 then later clipped to the inner edge of empty flowerpots and placed in the Department of Public Works compound, City of Gainesville, in December. Egg strips that remained outdoors were later brought back to the laboratory and hatched in late March 2017. Significant differences were found among the 5 ambient environmental exposure methods (configurations) in terms of egg survival rate, egg collapsed rate, and egg unaccounted rate, whereas no significant difference was observed on the egg intact rate. Egg strips stored in flowerpots with the drainage hole sealed had the highest survival rate (18.3%), whereas eggs stored in an open covered area had the least survival rate (2.4%). The effect of different storage conditions on the survivorship of overwintering Ae. albopictus eggs in north-central Florida is discussed.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    COLONIZATION AND MAINTENANCE OF ANOPHELES BELENRAE AND ANOPHELES PULLUS FROM THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA

    Tawong, JaruwanKhaosanorh, SakonPhasomkusolsil, SiripornWanja, Elizabeth W....
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Anopheles Hyrcanus Group in the Republic of Korea (ROK) consists of 5 morphologically indistinct species that can only be identified with certainty by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 86 bloodfed Anopheles spp. were collected from a cow barn located in the village of Tongilchon near the demilitarized zone in the ROK on June 13, 2016, and sent to the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences in Bangkok, Thailand, where they were identified to species by PCR. The 1st shipment contained 15 An. belenrae and 37 An. pullus females that were used to start the colonies. Parent females that oviposited were identified by PCR for colonization. A higher proportion of F-1 -F-4 females of An. belenrae than An. pullus bloodfed when provided both blood meals on human arms and using a membrane feeding system with human blood. Following blood meals, the females were forced mated for colony maintenance. The mean numbers of eggs oviposited per female for An. belenrae was 127.7 +/- 19.3 and for An. pullus was 136 +/- 23.6. On average, at 25 degrees C (+/- 2 degrees C) An. belenrae and An. pullus took 15.1 and 16.1 days to develop from egg to adult, respectively. A 2nd group of bloodfed Anopheles spp. was collected at the same location in the ROK on June 24, 2017. This group contained 13 An. belenrae and 27 An. pullus. Similarly, eggs were obtained and adults identified by PCR and then reared to adults and subsequent generations forced mated to members of each of the existing colonies to increase genetic diversity. The colonies were established to evaluate their susceptibility to vector vivax malaria, which is essential to better understand the epidemiology of malaria transmission in Korea. This is the 1st report of colonization of both An. belenrae and An. pullus.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF NONCULICID BITING FLIES (DIPTERA) IN A ZOO ENVIRONMENT

    Swanson, Dustin A.Kapaldo, Nathaniel O.Maki, ElinCarpenter, James W....
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：The diversity of nonculicid biting flies was surveyed in Sunset Zoo, Manhattan, KS, by carbon dioxide-baited traps. A total of 8,399 nonculicid biting-fly females representing 32 species and 5 families were collected. Twenty-one biting midge (Ceratopogonidae: Culicoides) and 7 black fly (Simuliidae) species were collected, including new state records of 3 Culicoides and 1 simuliid. The species richness of Culicoides and Simuliidae within the zoo represents 72.4% and 41.2%, respectively, of the fauna known to occur in Kansas. Trap type significantly influenced (P < 0.05) collections of the 5 species analyzed, and trapping period affected 3 species. The diversity and abundance of nonculicid biting flies in the zoo as related to animal health and wellness is discussed.
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    • NSTL

    REPELLENT ACTIVITY OF CARROT SEED ESSENTIAL OIL AND ITS PURE COMPOUND, CAROTOL, AGAINST MOSQUITOES

    Ali, AbbasRadwan, Mohamed M.Wanas, Amira S.Khan, Ikhlas A....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：In our natural products screening program for mosquitoes, carrot seed essential oil showed high repellency. The gas chromatography (GC)/flame ionization detector and GC/mass spectrometry analysis of the essential oil revealed the presence of 47 compounds. Carotol was more than 75% w/w, followed by muurolene (4.86%), (Z)-beta-farnesene (2.9%), and diepicedrene (1.1%). Systematic bioassay-guided fractionation of the essential oil was performed to identify active repellent compounds. In both Klun and Debboun (K&D) and Ali and Khan (A&K) bioassays, carotol showed biting deterrent activity similar to N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) and carrot seed essential oil against both Aedes aegypti and Anopheles quadrimaculatus, while in in vivo cloth patch bioassay, the minimum effective dose (MED) of deet was lower (12.5 mu g/cm(2)) than the essential oil and carotol (25 mu g/cm(2)) against Ae. aegypti. In the A&K bioassay, the MED values were similar, whereas the values of the mixtures of deet with essential oil and carotol was lower (6.25 + 6.25 = 12.5 mu g/cm(2)) than their individual treatments (25 mu g/ cm(2)). In direct skin application bioassay, both the essential oil and carotol provided good repellency. The mixtures of deet and essential oil or carotol significantly increased the residual activity, indicating synergism. Mosquito repellency of the essential oil and carotol is reported for the 1st time. These data indicate the potential of these natural products to be developed as commercial repellents.
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    • NSTL

    EFFECTS OF PLANT SPECIES, INSECTICIDE, AND EXPOSURE TIME ON THE EFFICACY OF BARRIER TREATMENTS AGAINST AEDES ALBOPICTUS

    McMillan, Benjamin E.Bova, Jake E.Brewster, Carlyle C.Gallagher, Nicola T....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：The effect of 5 plant species (arborvitae [Thuja occidentalis], boxwood [Buxus sp., Japanese honeysuckle [Lonicera japonica], rhododendron [Rhododendron sp.], and zebra grass [Miscanthus sinensis]) and 2 rates of lambda-cyhalothrin (3.13 ml and 6.25 ml active ingredient [AU/liter) on knockdown (1 h) and mortality (24 h) of adult female Aedes albopictus was evaluated over an 8-wk period. A significant difference in knockdown was observed between the 2 rates of lambda-cyhalothrin on the 5 plant species, with the highest proportion of knockdown observed on zebra grass and rhododendron treated at the higher rate. Although mortality was >= 60% and 85% on the 5 plant species at the low and high rates of lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively, a significant difference between the 2 rates was only observed on boxwood and Japanese honeysuckle (P < 0.0001). We also tested the residual toxicity of 3 barrier sprays (lambda-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, and deltamethrin) and evaluated the efficacy of a short (5-min) exposure to the insecticides on knockdown and mortality of adults over time. Significantly higher knockdown was observed with lambda-cyhalothrin compared with bifenthrin and deltamethrin (P < 0.0001). Mean knockdown was similar to 98%, 92%, and 20% for lambda-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, and deltamethrin, respectively, at week 2, and similar to 98%, 0%, and 44%, respectively, 8 wk after treatments were applied. Adult mortality from the 3 chemical treatments, however, remained above 90% throughout the study. Lastly, the trends in mean proportion of knockdown were similar for mosquitoes exposed for either 5 min or 24 h to the 3 chemicals. An overall decline in mean mortality over time, however, was observed for mosquitoes exposed for 5 min to the chemicals compared with mortality from the 24-h exposure. The results suggest that lambda-cyhalothrin can be an effective barrier spray treatment against Ae. albopictus adults because its efficacy is limited little by plant species, it has long residual toxicity, and it is effective following only 5 min of exposure.
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    • NSTL

    COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MOSQUITO TRAP COUNTS IN THE PERUVIAN AMAZON: EFFECT OF TRAP TYPE AND OTHER COVARIATES ON COUNTS AND DIVERSITY

    Lindroth, EricaPeck, George W.Castro-Llanos, FannyLopez-Sifuentes, Victor M....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Efficient detection of multiple species of adult mosquitoes in various habitats using effective traps is a crucial 1st step in any disease prevention program. Novel trap types that target tropical vectors of human diseases require field testing in the habitat of the vector-disease system in question. This paper analyzes a series of mosquito trapping studies conducted at Mapacocha, San Juan Bautista District, Loreto, Peru, during August- September 2013 and April-May 2014. Six trap configurations were evaluated in forest and rural locations. Adult mosquito counts were analyzed using full Bayesian inference of multilevel generalized linear models and posterior probability point estimates of the difference of means of the combined trap catch by trap type comparisons of all species. Light traps (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] incandescent, white light-emitting diode [LED], and ultraviolet LED). caught greater numbers of mosquitoes compared with traps baited with yeast-generated CO2 and Biogents Sentinel (TM) traps (battery powered traps without light and passive box traps). However, diversity measures (species richness, evenness, and similarity) were consistently nearly equal among trap types. Arbovirus vectors were more common in forest locations, while malaria vectors were more common near human habitations. Location had a significant effect on trap effectiveness and mosquito diversity, with traps from forest locations having greater numbers and greater species richness, compared with traps set near human habitations. The results of this study will inform mosquito surveillance trap choices in remote regions of central South America, including regions with emerging tropical diseases, such and dengue and Zika virus.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    ORIGIN OF AEDES AEGYPTI IN CLARK COUNTY, NEVADA

    Pless, EvlynRaman, Vivek
    4页
    查看更多>>摘要：Aedes aegypti is the primary vector for serious diseases, including those caused by chikungunya, dengue, and Zika viruses. In 2017, the Southern Nevada Health District fast detected this invasive species in Clark County, NV, including in the city of Las Vegas. We analyzed Ae. aegypti from the city of North Las Vegas to determine the likely source of the invasion. We genotyped a sample of Ae. aegypti at 12 highly variable microsatellites and analyzed the data in reference to published data from 25 sites in the southern USA. We found that the Ae. aegypti in Las Vegas most likely invaded from southern California. Knowing the source of new invasions may provide information about the invading population (e.g., previous insecticide exposure) and can help prevent future invasions from the region.
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    • NSTL

    EVALUATION OF PARTIALLY SUBMERGED STICKY TRAPS ON LAKE SPILLWAYS FOR ADULT BLACK FLY (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) SURVEILLANCE AND ARBOVIRUS DETECTION

    Lockburner, PaigeCavallaro, Michael C.Risley, Eric
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：Sentinel surveillance systems demonstrate an improved ability to supplement monitoring data and anticipate arbovirus outbreaks (i.e., sentinel avian species). Management complications can arise during unpredictable or unseasonal disease detections, especially in rural areas where resident distribution is patchy. Using spillways near residential lake communities as static surveillance locations, we tested a novel partially submerged sticky trapping technique and screened wild populations of adult female black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) for West Nile virus (WNV) and eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV). Trap site selection criteria considered the density of immature black fly colonization on spillway surfaces and the number of positive detections of arboviral targets in nearby Culex mosquito populations. On average (+/- standard error), sticky traps captured 134 (+/- 33) adult black flies over a 24-h period, with 1 trap capturing as many as 735 individuals. Although we detected positive cases of WNV from 20 Culex mosquito trapping sites within 16 km (approx. flight radius) of the selected lake spillways, mixed pools of adult female Simulium vittatum complex and Simulium decorum were all negative for both arboviruses. This study yielded an application for partially submerged sticky traps to collect adult female black flies. Its potential uses for monitoring the infection rates of more well-documented Simulium parasites are discussed.
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    • NSTL

    ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS ARE NOT INVOLVED IN THE DETOXIFICATION OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA EXTRACTS IN ANOPHELES STEPHENSI LARVAE

    Ferrari, MarcoNegri, AgataRomeo, ClaudiaBoccazzi, Ilaria Varotto...
    4页
    查看更多>>摘要：Detoxifying pathways of mosquitoes against the neem (Azadirachta indica) extracts are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in this process in Anopheles stephensi, one of the main malaria vectors in southern Asia. Third-stage larvae of An. stephensi were fed with fish food alone or in combination with neem extract at 0.5%, 1%, 5%, and 10%. Six ABC-transporter genes from 3 different subfamilies (B, C, and G) were analyzed to assess their relative expression compared with controls. A bioassay was also performed to assess larval mortality rate at different concentrations and in combination with verapamil, an ABC-transporter inhibitor. No significant variation in the expression levels of any transporter belonging to the B, C, and G subfamilies was detected. Furthermore, the use of verapamil did not induce an increase in mortality at any of the tested neem extract concentrations, indicating that ABC transporters are not involved in the detoxification of neem extracts in An. stephensi larvae.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL