期刊,Public health 2022年203卷期_国家学术搜索

期刊信息/Journal information

Public health

Elsevier

主办单位：Elsevier

国际刊号：0033-3506

Public health/Journal Public healthSCIAHCISSCIISSHP

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How Europeans move: a moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sitting time paradox in the European Union

Moreno-Llamas A.Garcia-Mayor J.De la Cruz-Sanchez E.

8页

查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The Author(s)Objectives: This study aimed to assess the interactions between physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour in a large population taking account of major sociodemographic characteristics. Study design: Cross-sectional population-based study. Methods: Data from 28,031 individuals living in the European Union who were aged ≥15 years were retrieved from a cross-sectional survey, the Eurobarometer 2017. Interactions among the four mobility components (vigorous, moderate, walking activity and sitting time) were assessed at the individual level across age, gender and place of residence, and at the country level by compositional data analysis, hierarchical linear regressions and principal component analysis. Results: The most frequently reported PA was walking; however, sitting time represented >95% of the reported weekly times, whereas moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) represented <1%. Women reported less PA and sitting time, age decreased total PA and increased sitting time, and individuals living in large urban areas reported lower PA and higher sitting times. MVPA decreased with age (β = ?0.047, P < 0.001) and was lower in women (β = ?0.760, P < 0.001) and those living in large urban areas (β = ?0.581, P < 0.001), while walking and sitting times increased with age, being higher in women and lower in those living in rural areas. At the country level, sitting time was positively associated with moderate activity (β = 0.389, P = 0.041) and marginally non-significant with MVPA (β = 0.330, P = 0.087). Conclusions: Walking was the highest contributor to weekly PA, whereas sitting time was paradoxically associated with higher MVPA. Specific measures to reduce sitting time are required to achieve an active lifestyle.

原文链接:

NSTL
Elsevier

Learning about COVID-19 across borders: public health information and adherence among international travellers to the UK

Cai S.Zhang T.Robin C.Sawyer C....

6页

查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The AuthorsObjective: Public health control measures at borders have long been central to national strategies for the prevention and containment of infectious diseases. Travel was inevitably associated with the rapid global transmission of COVID-19. In the UK, public health authorities tried to reduce the risks of travel-associated spread by providing public health information at ports of entry. This study investigates risk assessment processes, decision-making and adherence to official advice among international travellers, to provide evidence for future policy on the provision of public health information to facilitate safer international travel. Study design: This study is a qualitative study evaluation. Method: International air passengers arriving at the London Heathrow Airport on scheduled flights from China and Singapore were approached for interview after consenting to contact in completed surveys. Semi-structured interviews were conducted by telephone, using two topic guides to explore views of official public health information and self-isolation. Interview transcripts were coded and analysed thematically. Results: Participants regarded official advice from Public Health England as adequate at the time, despite observing differences with intervention measures implemented in their countries of departure. Most participants also described adopting precautionary measures, including self-isolation and the use of face coverings that went beyond official advice, but reported adherence to guidance on contacting health authorities was more variable. Adherence to the official guidance was informed by the perceived salience of specific transmission possibilities and containment measures assessed in relation to participants’ local social and institutional environments. Conclusion: Analysis of study findings demonstrates that international air travellers' responses to public health advice constitute a proactive process of risk assessment and rationalised decision-making to guide preventive action. This process incorporates consideration of the current living situation, trust in information sources, correspondence with cultural logics and willingness to accept potential risk to self and significant others. Our findings concerning international passengers’ understanding of, and compliance with, official advice and mitigation measures provide valuable evidence to inform future policy and generate recommendations on the presentation of public health information to facilitate safer international travel. Access to a central source of regularly updated official information would help minimise confusion between different national guidelines. Greater attention to the differentiated information needs of diverse groups in creating future public-facing guidance would help to minimise the uncertainties generated by the receipt of generic information.

原文链接:

NSTL
Elsevier

Excess deaths from COVID-19 in Japan and 47 prefectures from January through June 2021

Nomura S.Eguchi A.Tanoue Y.Yoneoka D....

4页

查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The Author(s)Objectives: In Japan, several studies have reported no excess all-cause deaths (the difference between the observed and expected number of deaths) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020. This study aimed to estimate the weekly excess deaths in Japan's 47 prefectures for 2021 until June 27. Study design: Vital statistical data on deaths were obtained from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan. For this analysis, we used data from January 2012 to June 2021. Methods: A quasi-Poisson regression was used to estimate the expected weekly number of deaths. Excess deaths were expressed as the range of differences between the observed and expected number of all-cause deaths and the 95% upper bound of the one-sided prediction interval. Results: Since January 2021, excess deaths were observed for the first time in the week corresponding to April 12–18 and have continued through mid-June, with the highest excess percentage occurring in the week corresponding to May 31–June 6 (excess deaths: 1431–2587; excess percentage: 5.95–10.77%). Similarly, excess deaths were observed in consecutive weeks from April to June 2021 in 18 of 47 prefectures. Conclusions: For the first time since February 2020, when the first COVID-19 death was reported in Japan, excess deaths possibly related to COVID-19 were observed in April 2021 in Japan, during the fourth wave. This may reflect the deaths of non-infected people owing to the disruption that the pandemic has caused.

原文链接:

NSTL
Elsevier

SARS-CoV-2 serosurvey among adults involved in healthcare and health research in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa

Benn C.S.Salinha A.Mendes S.Cabral C....

4页

查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The Author(s)Objectives: Many African countries have reported fewer COVID-19 cases than countries elsewhere. By the end of 2020, Guinea-Bissau, West Africa, had <2500 PCR-confirmed cases corresponding to 0.1% of the ～1.8 million national population. We assessed the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in urban Guinea-Bissau to help guide the pandemic response in Guinea-Bissau. Study design: Cross-sectional assessment of SARS-CoV-2 antibody in a cohort of staff at the Bandim Health Project. Methods: We measured IgG antibodies using point-of-care rapid tests among 140 staff and associates at a biometric research field station in Bissau, the capital of Guinea-Bissau, during November 2020. Results: Of 140 participants, 25 (18%) were IgG-positive. Among IgG-positives, 12 (48%) reported an episode of illness since the onset of the pandemic. Twenty-five (18%) participants had been PCR-tested between May and September; 7 (28%) had been PCR-positive. Four of these seven tested IgG-negative in the present study. Five participants reported that somebody had died in their house, corresponding crudely to an annual death rate of 4.5/1000 people; no death was attributed to COVID-19. Outdoor workers had a lower prevalence of IgG-positivity. Conclusions: In spite of the low official number of COVID-19 cases, our serosurvey found a high prevalence of IgG-positivity. Most IgG-positives had not been ill. The official number of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases has thus grossly underestimated the prevalence of COVID-19 during the pandemic. The observed overall mortality rate in households of Bandim Health Project employees was not higher than the official Guinean mortality rate of 9.6/1000 people.

原文链接:

NSTL
Elsevier

ANTi-Vax: a novel Twitter dataset for COVID-19 vaccine misinformation detection

Hayawi K.Shahriar S.Serhani M.A.Taleb I....

8页

查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The Royal Society for Public HealthObjectives: COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has infected hundreds of millions and inflicted millions of deaths around the globe. Fortunately, the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines provided a glimmer of hope and a pathway to recovery. However, owing to misinformation being spread on social media and other platforms, there has been a rise in vaccine hesitancy which can lead to a negative impact on vaccine uptake in the population. The goal of this research is to introduce a novel machine learning–based COVID-19 vaccine misinformation detection framework. Study design: We collected and annotated COVID-19 vaccine tweets and trained machine learning algorithms to classify vaccine misinformation. Methods: More than 15,000 tweets were annotated as misinformation or general vaccine tweets using reliable sources and validated by medical experts. The classification models explored were XGBoost, LSTM, and BERT transformer model. Results: The best classification performance was obtained using BERT, resulting in 0.98 F1-score on the test set. The precision and recall scores were 0.97 and 0.98, respectively. Conclusion: Machine learning–based models are effective in detecting misinformation regarding COVID-19 vaccines on social media platforms.

原文链接:

NSTL
Elsevier

Trend analysis and risk of gallbladder cancer mortality in China, 2013–2019

Nie C.Yang T.Liu L.Hong F....

5页

查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The Royal Society for Public HealthObjectives: There is a lack of comprehensive analysis of recent gallbladder cancer (GBC) mortality trends in China. This study aims to analyse trends in GBC mortality in China, with a specific focus on urban and rural area differences, and to determine possible risk factors. Study design: This was a cross-sectional study. Methods: Data were accessed through the Chinese Health Statistics Annual Report for 31 provinces from 2013 to 2019. Age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) stratified by regions, gender and the years of diagnoses were analysed by Joinpoint regression analysis. Results: The GBC ASMR was higher in females than in males and higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Mortality was primarily observed in individuals aged ≥65 years (in both sexes). A non-significant downward trend of GBC mortality was identified in urban areas from 2013 to 2019 (average annual percent change [AAPC] ?1.50%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: ?3.49, 0.53). However, in rural areas, the ASMR significantly increased with an AAPC of 2.64% (95% CI: 1.15, 4.15) in males and 3.85% (95% CI: 2.17, 5.56) in females. The GBC mortality rate was positively related to red meat consumption. Conclusions: The burden of GBC mortality in rural China cannot be ignored, as results from this study show significantly increasing trends in both females and males from 2013 to 2019. In addition, red meat consumption may play a vital role in the increasing GBC mortality rate.

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NSTL
Elsevier

Vulnerable migrants’ access to healthcare in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK

Fu L.Lindenmeyer A.Phillimore J.Lessard-Phillips L....

7页

查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The Royal Society for Public HealthObjectives: To understand the living conditions, changes in the service user profile, and needs of vulnerable migrants trying to access healthcare in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Study design: Mixed methods study; using quantitative questionnaire data collected from migrant service users of Doctors of the World UK (DOTW UK) with qualitative data from free-text notes. Methods: DOTW UK provides drop-in clinics to vulnerable migrants. Consultations switched to remote during the UK's first lockdown. We compared patient profile, well-being, healthcare access and reason for consultations of individuals attending the virtual clinic between March and September 2020 to those of the prepandemic periods between 2011 and 2018. Results: During the pandemic, consultations dropped to under half of the prepandemic numbers, with the shift to remote consultations attracting more users outside of London. DOTW UK's user base changed to include a greater proportion of asylum seekers, younger adults (18–34) and individuals reporting good health. Socio-economic conditions and housing stability deteriorated for the majority of users. Those in the greatest need of healthcare appeared to be less able to access remote services. General practitioner (GP) registration remained the most common reason for contacting the virtual clinic with a lack of knowledge of the healthcare system being the main barrier to access. Conclusion: The shift to virtual consultations may have exacerbated existing inequalities in healthcare access for vulnerable migrants. Given that many clinical services continue to operate remotely, it is important to consider the impact such actions have on vulnerable migrants and find ways to support access.

原文链接:

NSTL
Elsevier

Preparedness in a public health emergency: determinants of willingness and readiness to respond in the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic

Leao T.Duarte G.Goncalves G.

4页

查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The Royal Society for Public HealthObjectives: Healthcare professionals’ high risk of infection and burnout in the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic probably hindered their much-needed preparedness to respond. We aimed to inform how individual and institutional factors contributed for the preparedness to respond during the first months of a public health emergency. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: We surveyed healthcare workers from a Local Health Unit in Portugal, which comprises primary health care centers and hospital services, including public health units and intensive care units, in the second and third months of the COVID-19 epidemic in Portugal. The 460 answers, completed by 252 participants (about 10% of the healthcare workers), were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regressions. We estimated adjusted odds ratios for the readiness and willingness to respond. Results: Readiness to respond was associated with the perception of adequate infrastructures (aOR = 4.04, P < 0.005), lack of access to personal protective equipment (aOR = 0.26, P < 0.05) and organization (aOR = 0.31, P < 0.05). The willingness to act was associated with the perception of not being able to make a difference (aOR = 0.05, P < 0.005), risk of work-related burnout (aOR = 21.21, P < 0.01) and experiencing colleagues or patients’ deaths due to COVID-19 (aOR = 0.24, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Adequate organization, infrastructures, and access to personal protective equipment may be crucial for workers' preparedness in a new public health emergency, as well workers’ understanding of their roles and expected impact. These factors, together with the risk of work-related burnout, shall be taken into account in the planning of the response of healthcare institutions in future public health emergencies.

原文链接:

NSTL
Elsevier

Long-term trends in the incidence of congenital anomalies in Central China from 1997 to 2019

Yu Z.Li D.Sun L.Zhao X....

6页

查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The Royal Society for Public HealthObjective: The aim of the study was to investigate the incidence of, and trends in, congenital anomalies in Central China from 1997 to 2019. Study design: This was a descriptive study. Methods: We collected data describing 4,134,098 births from 75 hospital monitoring sites in Henan Province, Central China, from 1997 to 2019. A joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the continuous changes. Results: There were 4,134,098 births recorded from 1997 to 2019, of which 50,646 noted the presence of congenital anomalies (incidence: 122.5 per 10,000). The incidence of congenital anomalies was found to have increased over time (P-trend <0.05). Congenital anomaly incidence in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas (155.3 per 10,000 vs 100.7 per 10,000; P < 0.001). Moreover, incidence was higher in males than in females (129.1 per 10,000 vs 112.9 per 10,000; P < 0.001). The incidence of neural tube defects significantly reduced from 1997 to 2019 (39.3 per 10,000 in 1997 vs 0.92 per 10,000 in 2019, P-trend <0.001), whereas the incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD) increased (5.56 per 10,000 in 2010 to 136.46 per 10,000 in 2019), which meant that CHD was the most common congenital anomaly post-2013. Conclusion: In Henan province, the incidence of congenital anomalies increased by 115% from 1997 to 2019. Notably, the incidence of CHD is rising.

原文链接:

NSTL
Elsevier

Investigation of the prevalence of non-COVID-19 infectious diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic

Tanislav C.Kostev K.

5页

查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The Royal Society for Public HealthObjectives: This study aimed to investigate non-COVID-19-related upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), gastrointestinal infections (GIIs) and urinary tract infections (UTIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Patients with diagnoses of URTIs, GIIs and UTIs from 994 general practitioners (GP) and 192 paediatric practices that routinely send anonymous data to the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA) were investigated. We studied the differences in recorded URTIs, GIIs and UTIs between April 2019–March 2020 (non-pandemic period) and April 2020–March 2021 (pandemic period) in terms of rates and baseline characteristics by comparing absolute frequencies. Results: Compared with the non-pandemic period, the total number of patients with defined diagnoses was lower in the pandemic period (URTIs: 810,324 vs 520,800; GIIs: 253,029 vs 142,037; UTIs: 132,425 vs 117,932). The number of patients per practice with URTIs (683 vs 439, –36%, P < 0.001) and GIIs (213 vs 120, –44%, P < 0.001) decreased significantly during the pandemic period; the decrease in the number of recorded UTIs was smaller (112 vs 99, –11%, P < 0.05). The decrease in diagnoses was more pronounced among paediatricians than GPs (URTIs: ?39% vs ?35%; GIIs: ?57% vs ?39%; UTIs: ?15% vs ?9%). The decrease in URTIs varied between ?35% and ?40% depending on the age group. Conclusions: Measures introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic to reduce transmission of the virus also helped to reduce the spread of non-COVID-19-related URTIs and GIIs. UTIs were impacted to a lesser extent, with rates seeing a slight decrease. An increase in awareness of infectious diseases may have also contributed to the reduction in recorded diagnoses.

原文链接:

NSTL
Elsevier