查看更多>>摘要：Chronic Interstitial Nephritis in Agricultural Communities (CINAC) continues to attract controversy in the scientific community。 It was previously known as Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) and is not associated with the common aetiological factors such as diabetes。 There is general acceptance that it is an environmentally induced disorder due to a combination of toxicities: heavy metals from food， fluoride in drinking water， hard water， heat stress and pesticides。 The recent findings of a lysosomal inclusion body tubulopathy is of great interest to those attempting to find therapeutic agents to slow or eliminate its renal damage。 The paper argues that despite these new findings， oxidative stress could play a key role and proposes that anti-oxidants such as Vitamin C and E be repurposed for treatment。
查看更多>>摘要：COVID-19 is characterized by two major clinical phases， the SARS-CoV-2 infection of target cells and tissues， and a deep inflammatory state， known as "cytokine storm"， caused by activation of pro-inflammatory genes， such as NF-kB， STAT-3， IL-6， IL-8， IL-1 beta。 Among possible anti-inflammatory agents， the "microRNA targeting" should be carefully considered， since it is well known that microRNAs are deeply involved in the expression of cytokines， chemokines and growth factors。 The working general hypothesis is that targeting the microRNA network might be important for the development of therapeutic approaches to counteract the COVID-19 induction of inflammatory response。 This hypothesis is based on several publications demonstrating the use of miRNA mimics for inhibitory effects on the production of proteins characterizing the COVID-19 "cytokine storm"。
查看更多>>摘要：The COVID-19 pandemic has placed significant restrictions on people's daily activities and even change their eating habits， yet it has inadvertently allowed people to benefit potentially from this restriction for certain diseases。 The COVID-19 outbreak has had the positive effect of changing the nutritional status of some populations。 From this point of view， the COVID-19 pandemic is cleverly beneficial。
查看更多>>摘要：Exposure to hypoxic environments when ascending at high altitudes may cause life-threatening pulmonary edema (HAPE) due to a rapid accumulation of extracellular fluid flooding in the pulmonary alveoli。 In Andeans， high-altitude adaptation occurs at the expense of being more prone to chronic mountain sickness: relative hypoventilation， excess pulmonary hypertension， and secondary polycythemia。 Because HAPE prevalence is high in the Andes， we posit the hypothesis that a high hemoglobine mass may increase HAPE risk。 In support of it， high intrapulmonary hypertension along with hyperviscosity produced by polycytemia may enhance sear forces and intravascular hemolysis， thus leading to increased acellular hemoglobin and the subsequent damage of the alveolar and endothelial barrier。 It is proposed to investigate the relationship between the vaso-endothelial homeostasis and erythropoiesis in the maladaptation to high altitude and HAPE。 This research is especially important when reentry HAPE， since rheologic properties of blood changes with rapid ascent to high altitudes。
Troeltzsch, MatthiasBerndt, RonaldTroeltzsch, Markus
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查看更多>>摘要：Limited knowledge about the contagiosity and case fatality rate of COVID-19 as well as the still enigmatic route of transmission have led to strict limitations of non-emergency health care especially in head and neck medicine and dentistry。 There are theories that the oral cavity provides a favorable environment for SARS-CoV-2 entry and persistence which may be a risk for prolonged virus shedding。 However， intraoral innate immune mechanisms provide antiviral effects against a myriad of pathogenic viruses。 Initial hints of their efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 are surfacing。 It is hypothesized that intraoral immune system activity modulates the invasion pattern of SARS-CoV-2 into oral cells。 Thus， the significance of intraoral tissues for SARS-CoV-2 transmission and persistence cannot be assessed。
查看更多>>摘要：Finding a link between COVID-19 and subsequent psychiatric symptoms has resulted in renewed interest in the psychiatric sequelae of pandemics。 The first such instance was apparently the encephalitis lethargica pandemic which arose around the time of the First World War， moving in the shadow of a repiratory virus pandemic。 The epidemic of encephalitis lethargica (EL)， or Von Economo's Disease， in the years 1917-27 was the first pandemic involving the central nervous system。 It moved in some places in parallel with the Great Flu Pandemic but does not seem to have been caused by it。 Unlike the coronavirus， pandemic EL affected children heavily， leading often to bizarre changes in character and personality。 It often left sequelae lasting for decades in the form of postencephalitic Parkinsonism (PEP)。 Unlike the coronavirus， it had a high mortality of around 20 percent。 Although encephalitis lethargica involved a number of systems， psychiatric morbidity was most prominent and entailed severe depression， mania， catatonia and psychosis。 It ended without therapeutic or public-health measures; today， sporadic cases of EL continue to be reported。 The hypothesis is that we can derive from the EL psychiatric pandemic certain lessons that might be useful in studying tardive COVID symptoms today。
查看更多>>摘要：Background: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the COVID-19 crisis affecting the whole world。 This virus can provoke acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) leading to overcrowed the intensive care unit (ICU)。 Over the last months， worldwide experience demonstrated that the ARDS in COVID-19 patients are in many ways "atypical"。 The mortality rate in ventilated patients is high despite the application of the gold standard treatment (protective ventilation， curare， prone position， inhaled NO)。 Several studies suggested that the SARS-CoV-2 could interact negatively on red blood cell homeostasis。 Furthermore， SarsCov2 creates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)， which are toxic and generate endothelial dysfunction。
查看更多>>摘要：The Covid-19 coronavirus， SARS-CoV-2， is inactivated much faster on paper (3 h) than on plastic (7 d)。 By classifying materials according to virus stability on their surface， the following list is obtained (from long to short stability): polypropylene (mask)， plastic， glass， stainless steel， pig skin， cardboard， banknote， cotton， wood， paper， tissue， copper。 These observations and other studies suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may be inactivated by dryness on water absorbent porous materials but sheltered by long-persisting micro-droplets of water on waterproof surfaces。 If such physical phenomenons were confirmed by direct evidence， the persistence of the virus on any surface could be predicted， and new porous objects could be designed to eliminate the virus faster。
NSTL
Elsevier